Understanding the trade-offs in
improving the precision of agricultural measures through
survey design is crucial. Yet, standard indicators used to
determine program effectiveness may be flawed and at a
differential rate for men and women. The authors use a
household survey from Mozambique to estimate the measurement
error from male and female self-reports of their adoption
and knowledge of three practices: intercropping, mulching,

In a context of rapid urbanization and
energy transition, massive investments will be required to
develop efficient public transport networks. Capturing the
increase in land value caused by transport infrastructure
(for example, through a betterment tax) appears a promising
way to finance public transport. However, it is no trivial
task, as it is difficult to anticipate the rent creation.
This paper uses a simple city model based on urban economic

In the past 50 years women's legal
status has improved all over the world. But many laws still
make it difficult for women to fully participate in economic
life whether by getting jobs or starting businesses.
Discriminatory rules bar women from certain jobs, restrict
access to capital for women-owned firms and limit
women's capacity to make legal decisions. Gender
differences in laws affect both developing and developed

“Environmental Perception Process of Desertification in Perú”, try to do an analysis and evaluation of Peruvian territory in terms of enviromental degradation due to problems of biodiversity loss, progressive loss of productive capacity land ecosystem in the climaterelevant ecological Peruvian territory. The purpose is to know the territorial spaces with problems of environmental degradation and prevention alternatives to existing problems.

Differences in relative female
employment by soil texture are used to explain the
heterogeneous deficit of female children across districts
within India. Soil texture varies exogenously and determines
the depth of land tillage. Deep tillage, possible in loamy
but not in clayey soil textures, reduces the demand for
labor in agricultural tasks traditionally performed by
women. Girls have a lower economic value where female labor

Livestock are critical to building sustainability in food and agriculture. Current and future livestock sector development needs to produce more, from less, and in ways that benefit all. Solving the sector’s challenges requires stakeholders to find common ground and to join forces towards continuous practice change. The Global Agenda for Sustainable Livestock is one example of these new ways of working.

Livestock are kept for a wide range of purposes in Africa, and there is considerable diversity in animal husbandry. Among the most important advantages in keeping animals is their contribution to maintaining and even improving soil fertility. Furthermore, animal husbandry offers economic, social and cultural benefits. However, the authors also look at the constraints that smallholders face in livestock husbandry.

The former Soviet Central Asian republics have undergone de-intensification of their livestock sectors, resulting in an increased reliance on natural pastures. Property rights systems are key to the sustainable management of this resource. However, as the authors demonstrate, it is not easy to implement the respective reform processes.

China has a longstanding tradition of using biogas for decentralised energy supply. Already, there are nearly 42 million household digesters in the rural areas, a figure set to double by 2020. But the country has even more ambitious plans. In order to achieve its own climate targets and raise the share of renewables in overall energy supply to 15 per cent by 2020, it wants to set up 16,000 middle- and large-scale biogas plants. However, implementation isn’t quite so easy.

É cada vez mais forte a percepção das populações, de governos e de instituições internacionais de que a humanidade não pode continuar a ser empurrada para o precipício, com as políticas das últimas décadas, de intensificação da produção agropecuária e florestal e o aumento do poder hegemónico de grandes companhias multinacionais da indústria e da distribuição, que controlam a produção e detêm cada vez mais terra, provocando o esgotamento de recursos naturais, acidentes climáticos, pragas e doenças, desertificação de muitas regiões, fome e subnutrição, esvaziamento e asfixia de economias loc

Au Niger le foncier aménagé se trouve aujourd’hui face à une double problématique : d’une part les anciens propriétaires coutumiers ou leurs descendants réclament des droits de propriété sur cet espace supposé appartenir à l’État, et d’autre part les structures publiques qui gèrent ce domaine ne disposent pas de documents juridiques pour justifier les droits de l’État sur les périmètres irrigués et, en conséquence, pour protéger le foncier aménagé.

In Niger the land converted for public use is now facing a dual problem: on one hand, customary landowners or their descendants claim property rights on this space which supposedly belongs to the State, on the other hand, government bodies who manage this area do not have the legal documents to justify the State's rights over the developed (irrigated) land and, consequently, to protect it. How to ensure secure land tenure for the State on the developed land while preserving the legitimate rights of those working the land?