Russia has seen even higher oil windfall in the past few months, which translates into likely fiscal surpluses this year and next. The government should not miss the opportunity provided by a large oil windfall to substantially improve its long-term fiscal position, further reduce inflation, and, therefore, ensure a strong basis for durable stability and healthy growth in the future. Rising domestic demand and credit activity are increasingly supporting solid growth.

Over the last decade, Kenya's society and economy have changed fundamentally and these deep trends will continue. Rapid population growth and urbanization will create many new challenges which need to be managed well to support Kenya's economic take-off in the medium-term. This fourth edition of the Kenya economic update argues that Kenya can turn the tide in turbulent times and make the most of the ongoing structural shifts.

This Report was developed in the context of the “Global Dialogue on Climate Change and

Agriculture,” a project facilitated by the Meridian Institute that began in August 2010. The

Meridian Institute is an internationally recognized, nonprofit organization that facilitates

neutral and independent policy dialogues and assessments. The Global Dialogue is a program

intended to provide relevant information and opportunities for productive engagement and

discussion among government negotiators, experts, stakeholders, and others involved and

El informe identifica los síntomas del sistema alimentario defectuoso: crece la población que sufre hambre, no aumenta el rendimiento de las cosechas, hay una lucha por la tierra fértil y el agua, y en los próximos años seguirán al alza los precios de los alimentos. También advierte de que hemos entrado en una nueva era de crisis donde el agotamiento de los recursos naturales de la tierra y los impactos del cambio climático, que crecen en número y en intensidad, arrastrarán a más millones de personas al hambre.

Les enquêtes menées sur plusieurs années dans la région de Kagera, en Tanzanie, ont montré que la migration a un impact positif sur le niveau de vie des gens, même pour ceux qui restent dans l’agriculture.

Peu de pays sont plus caractérisés par la migration et ses répercussions que le Burkina Faso. Au cours des 40 années qui ont suivi l’indépendance, la moitié de la population a fait l’expérience de la migration, qu’il s’agisse de migration transfrontalière de main-d’œuvre (essentiellement vers la Côte d’Ivoire) ou d’une réinstallation permanente dans le pays même (d’une zone rurale à une autre).

Au Burkina Faso, le potentiel en terres arables à vocation agricole est épuisé. À l’avenir, la population en rapide expansion ne pourra être nourrie que s’il est possible d’accroître les rendements sur les terres cultivées existantes. Grâce à la construction de cordons pierreux le long des courbes de niveau, il est possible de mieux exploiter l’eau de pluie et de stopper l’érosion.

Une équipe de scientifiques de l’International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) a identifié toutes les zones à haut risque du monde dans lesquelles la famine et les conséquences négatives du changement climatique s’exacerberont particulièrement violemment. Ces régions sont principalement situées en Afrique et en Asie du Sud, mais la Chine et l’Amérique latine pourraient également être concernées. Dans moins de 40 ans, la saison agricole de ces régions sera plus courte, plus chaude et plus sèche, mettant en danger des centaines de millions de personnes déjà très démunies.

Momentum is building to include agriculture in carbon nancing initiatives, and the stakes are large – for climate change mitigation, for food security and poverty alleviation. For many smallholder farmers, insecure land and resource rights are a barrier to participation in mitigation programmes, but there are ways forward

This paper assesses the extent to which customary governance in Sierra Leone can be held responsible for an increasingly unstable two‐class agrarian society. A case is made for regarding the civil war (1991–2002) as being an eruption of long‐term, entrenched agrarian tensions exacerbated by chiefly rule. Evidence is presented to suggest that the main rebel movement embodied in its plans to reorganize agricultural production some grasp of these longer‐term agrarian problems. Postwar attempts to implement co‐operative farming and mining are then described.

O Desenvolvimento Agrário tem sido desde sempre uma prioridade para Moçambique. Em 1998, o Governo em colaboração com os principais parceiros desenhou o Programa de Desenvolvimento da Agricultura (PROAGRI I) com o objectivo de melhorar a coordenação das intervenções públicas na agricultura e orientar os investimentos..

The current edition of the Rwanda economic update is titled seeds for higher growth and specially features the agriculture sector. The importance of agriculture's contribution to growth in Rwanda remains considerable, despite the emergence of other significant growth drivers, such as services. Rwanda's agriculture sector will play an essential role in attaining the country's development vision of sustainable growth and increased poverty reduction, due to its employment weight.