Household enterprises -- usually
one-person-operated tiny informal enterprises -- are a
rapidly growing source of employment in Sub-Saharan Africa,
especially in lower-income countries. Household enterprises
tend to operate with limited interest or support from
governments. This is the case in Mozambique, where neither
the poverty reduction strategy nor small and medium
enterprise development policies include household

For more than four centuries Japan has
been developing forested green belts to mitigate coastal
hazards such as sandstorms, salty winds, high tides, and
tsunamis. Although Japan's green belts were severely
damaged by the March 11 tsunami, they did reduce the impact
of waves, and protected houses by capturing floating debris.
Local governments are planning to reconstruct the green
belts as a countermeasure against tsunamis. While local

Since 1999, the Nigerien authorities
have embarked on a program of reform to develop the
financial system and ensure its stability in the wake of a
regional banking crisis. Despite this progress, much remains
to be done to bring the financial sector up to sub-regional
standards. The first step is to formulate a financial sector
development strategy that will serve as a roadmap for future
reforms. Issues of access to financial services are crucial

There are many reasons to believe that
Syrian agriculture has great potential for the future. The
liberalisation of agriculture in Eastern Europe delivered
rapid growth in the late 1990s and early 2000s. Countries
such as Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria, Hungary,
Kazachstan, Romania and Russia achieved labour productivity
growth in constant US$ terms of over 7 percent between 1998
and 2004. Syria has a global comparative advantage in fruit

This study uses five rounds of household panel data from Tigray, Ethiopia, collected in the period 1998–2010 to assess the impacts of a land registration and certification program that aimed to strengthen tenure security and how it has contributed to increased food availability and, thus, food security in this food-deficit region.

Este Programa de Gobierno Michelle Bachelet 2014-2018, al abordar las desigualdades que hay en el país y al realizar una reforma estructural en la educación, busca también generar las condiciones para mantener el crecimiento económico. Este es el primer paso para asegurar una economía más competitiva, con una mayor productividad y más innovadora. La realidad chilena impone la necesidad de una Nueva Agenda de Género basada en los derechos, igualdad y autonomía de las mujeres, impulsada por una institucionalidad renovada y de mayor rango.

Land area measurement is a fundamental
component of agricultural statistics and analysis. Yet,
commonly employed self-reported land area measures used in
most analysis are not only potentially measured with error,
but these errors may be correlated with agricultural
outcomes. Measures employing Global Positioning Systems, on
the other hand, while not perfect especially on smaller
plots, are likely to provide more precise measures and

With farms cultivating tens or hundreds
of thousands of hectares, Ukraine is often used to
demonstrate the existence of economies of scale in modern
grain production. Panel data analysis for all the
country's farms with more than 200 hectares in
2001-2011 suggests that higher yields and profits are due to
unobserved factors at rayon (district) and farm level rather
than economies of scale. Productivity growth was driven not

Farmers in Burma are increasingly organizing to push for recognition of expanded rights to land and how they use it. Despite the passage of the Farmland Law in 2012, grievances and conflicts over land remain widespread and farmers face continued restrictions of their farming choices.

Senegal is implementing a Disaster Risk Management (DRM) framework and has established a public private agriculture insurance company. Rules, responsibilities and operational procedures need clarification, ideally guided by the findings of a fiscal disaster risk assessment. Insurance mechanisms are not considered in (sovereign) catastrophe risk transfer so far.

Based on a large survey to compare the
effectiveness of land markets and land reform in Colombia,
the authors find that rental and sales markets were more
effective in transferring land to poor but productive
producers than was administrative land reform. The fact that
land transactions were all of a short-term nature and that
little land was transferred from very large to small land
owners or the landless suggests that there may be scope for