Livestock production constitutes a significant contribution to the economy and nutrition of many households in Tanzania. Despite the profound attributes of livestock in the nation, livestock sector is yet to attain its maximum level of production and productivity due to a number of challenges including insufficient forage quantity and quality. This culminates to poor animal performance especially during the dry seasons whereby availability of natural forages is limited and yet of poor nutritive value.

This study asks whether there is utility in knowing who sources soybean seed within the household and why when explaining variation in seed obtained from the formal versus informal sector. Survey data collected in Malawi in 2018 were used to explore the question. Results suggest that the identity of the person who sources seed has little to do with whether the seed was obtained from the formal sector. Instead, why the person sources soybean seed is the better predictor.

everal studies have been conducted on shaded cocoa systems, but few of these have examined species-specific crown architecture of upper canopy trees and its influence on shade provision in cocoa agroforestry systems.

To increase the productivity of tropical cattle systems and at the same time mitigate the environmental impacts of the cattle sector, a strategy of improving the quality and availability of cattle feed has been implemented through substantial improvements in forage germplasm (Herrero et al., 2013; Gerber et al., 2013; Peters et al., 2012). With this objective, significant resources have been allocated for research and development (R&D), which has led to the release of cultivars such as Brachiaria brizantha cv. Toledo (CIAT 26110), B. humidicola cv. Humidicola (CIAT 679) and cv.

This user evaluation report focuses on extension workers’ experiences with using the Maize- Nutrient-Manager (MNM) mobile phone application for field-specific advice provision in the period November 2020 to January 2021. It provides a systematic overview of user experiences to inform adaptations and re-design of MNM data collection and advice protocols to enhance its usability and scaling potential.

Since 2012 the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) has been piloting the Climate-Smart Villages (CSVs) approach in East Africa, including the Nyando basin of western Kenya, introducing a wide range of Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) technologies and practices. The CSA interventions were tailored to address the climate risks in Nyando, the needs and circumstances of individual farmers, and were collectively piloted with the farmers for potential adoption.

By 2050, the United Nations projects that 68 percent of the world population will live in cities (UN DESA 2019). However, with continuous population growth, the number of people living in rural areas of many low- and low-middle-income countries (LMICs) will continue to rise. Two- thirds of the extreme poor live in rural areas (World Bank 2016) and the livelihoods of two to three billion rural people, often the most food in-secure and vulnerable, still depend primarly on small farms (Laborde, Parent, and Smaller 2020; Woodhill, Hasnain, and Griffith 2020).

The climate crisis is having a significant detrimental influence on livelihoods in developing countries. Climate variability and extremes can negatively impact climate-sensitive sectors such as agriculture and livestock which are a considerable source of employment and a key contributor to economic growth in developing countries (Burke, Hsiang, and Miguel 2015; Dell, Jones, and Olken 2014; 2012). The intensification of the climate crisis poses a threat to efforts aimed to eliminate poverty and food

In this study we investigate whether the increasing investment in smallholder oil palm plantations that contributes to deforestation is motivated by financial gains or other factors. We evaluate the financial viability of smallholder farmers selling fresh fruit bunches (FFBs) to intermediaries or agro-industrial companies with mills, or processing the FFBs in artisanal mills to produce palm oil. We use data collected in four oil palm production basins in Cameroon and carried out a life cycle assessment of oil palm cultivation and CPO production to understand financial gains.