Baseflow and precipitation in the Kickapoo River Watershed, located in the Driftless Area of Wisconsin, exhibit a step increase around 1970, similar to minimum and median flows in many other central and eastern USA streams. Potential effects on streamflow due to climatic and land management changes were evaluated by comparing volumetric changes in the hydrologic budget before and after 1970. Increases in precipitation do not fully account for the increase in baseflow, which appears to be offset by a volumetric decrease in stormflow.

The importance of the role of local community forestry institutions towards forest conservation is exemplified through a comparison of two adjacent areas within the Central Yucatan Peninsular Region (CYPR) in which Land-Use Cover Change (LUCC) analyses were conducted. We also used logistic regression analyses to examine key environmental, socioeconomic and institutional drivers associated with deforestation.

The effect of land cover change, from natural to anthropogenic, on physical geography conditions has been studied in Kayisdagi Mountain. Land degradation is the most important environmental issue involved in this study. Most forms of land degradation are natural processes accelerated by human activity. Land degradation is a human induced or natural process that negatively affects the ability of land to function effectively within an ecosystem.

The agriculture has an outstanding importance both in social and economic point of view, especially in the countries where the agriculture plays a vital role in economy. This paper mainly focuses on the situation in the Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs). The share of agriculture in CEECs is more significant both in GDP and employment than in the old member states of EU. To be competitive on the single market, we have to know the advantages and disadvantages, strength and weakness of different sectors of agriculture.

Poverty reduction and sustainable land management are two objectives that most Africancountries strive to achieve simultaneously. In designing policies to achieve theseobjectives concurrently a clear understanding of their linkage is crucial. Yet there isonly limited empirical evidence to demonstrate the linkage between poverty and land managementin Africa. Using Uganda as a case study, this analysis seeks to better understand thislinkage. We used several poverty measures to demonstrate the linkage between poverty and anumber of indicators of sustainable land management.

Land degradation is always with us but its causes, extent and severity are contested. We define land degradation as a long-term decline in ecosystem function and productivity, which may be assessed using long-term, remotely sensed normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data. Deviation from the norm may serve as a proxy assessment of land degradation and improvement - if other factors that may be responsible are taken into account. These other factors include rainfall effects which may be assessed by rain-use efficiency, calculated from NDVI and rainfall.

It is known that erosion is a leading factor in land degradation. Therefore, erosion must be correctly estimated and effective precautions must be taken for a sustainable agricultural activity. Hence, many models and methods have been developed for estimation of soil erodibility or calculating of quantity of the soil loss. In the present paper, using of fuzzy logic based models were examined in soil erosion prediction studies. For this goal, binary logic was described and then the transition from the classical logic to fuzzy logic has been studied.

Land use and agricultural practices can result in important contributions to the global source strength of atmospheric nitrous oxide (N₂O) and methane (CH₄). However, knowledge of gas flux from irrigated agriculture is very limited. From April 2005 to October 2006, a study was conducted in the Aral Sea Basin, Uzbekistan, to quantify and compare emissions of N₂O and CH₄ in various annual and perennial land-use systems: irrigated cotton, winter wheat and rice crops, a poplar plantation and a natural Tugai (floodplain) forest.