This chapter reviews some of the book’s overarching themes and main findings. Overarching themes include the recognition of persistent hardship and inequality, particularly in the Afghan portions of the basins and substantial knowledge gaps that need to be filled to address existing challenges. Key threads relate to trends in demography, climate, land and water use, and institutions that may accentuate challenges. The chapter concludes that more than incremental change will be needed to support the progress necessary to provide a basic level of human development.

Two remote-sensing datasets were used to estimate land and water use in the Kabul, Kurram and Gomal transboundary basins shared between Afghanistan and Pakistan. The proportion of different land-cover classes within these three basins was estimated. Barren land and rangeland form the largest block of land-cover classes owing to the prevailing semi-arid conditions. Domestic water use ranges from 21.2 million m3 (mcm) in Gomal to 554 mcm in Kabul and 106 mcm in the Kurram. Due to the lack of data, industrial water use was assumed to be one quarter of domestic water use.

Presentation of initial results of ClimBeR orchard biodiversification case study, as a climate smart and soil and water conservation practice during the 3rd African Congress on Conservation Agriculture held in Morocco in June 2023.

The webinar, hosted by the digital innovation initiative under work package 4, focused on Food System Monitoring and featured a panel of experts who shared insights from their work in various countries. The speakers highlighted the benefits of digital transformation in agriculture, particularly in regions with limited traditional information sources.

This scoping review is one of the deliverables of WP3, which reviews past literature and projects on AMU and AMR in the aquatic food systems of Bangladesh from a One Health perspective. The purpose of this review is to gain a better understanding of the challenges of AMU and AMR in the prevailing aquatic food

The entire Indian subcontinent experienced devastating floods in the year 2022. The central section of the Godavari river basin (GRB) received torrential rainfall from the southwest monsoon during the second week of July 2022. This study exhibits how Earth observation (EO) datasets and cloud platforms like Google Earth Engine (GEE) can be used for swift, lucid and accurate decoding of the flood inundation signatures. Geospatial analysts can estimate concurrent floods using high-resolution C-band SAR/Sentinel-1 images, gridded precipitation and streamflow forecast datasets.

The policy brief provides an overview of the updated Kenya Social Accounting Matrices (SAMs). The current Kenya SAM which incorporates latest rebased national accounts data, supply and use tables and household budget survey, is an update of the previous SAM compiled for 2009 transactions. SAMs are used in conjunction with analytical techniques to strengthen the evidence underlying policies. The updated Kenya SAM 2021 identifies 90 production activities and commodities (products) across agriculture, industry, and services sectors.

Africa is one of the lowest contributors to greenhouse gas emissions causing climate change, yet key development sectors
have already experienced widespread losses and damages attributable to human-induced climate change, including biodiversity loss, water shortages, reduced food production, loss of lives and reduced economic growth (high confidence).

The Gender and Climate Empowerment Index for climate-resilient agriculture is based on four major measurable indicator domains—political, economic, agricultural, and social. Empowerment in relation to climate change relates to degree of vulnerability and ability to respond, recover from and adapt to climate change. In a context of growing climatic risks, appropriate technological solutions together with an empowering social environment are a prerequisite for ensuring food and livelihood security (Hariharan et al., 2020).

Climate change is hitting hardest some of those already most vulnerable, Rapidly exacerbating inequalities, including gender inequality, Climate action is urgently needed – at scale, and with a gender lens, Growing interest in the potential of social protection, Social protection programs reach billions of resource-poor people globally, Existing vast literature suggests substantial potential to support climate resilience – but little evidence framed explicitly around climate (and even less around gendered climate impacts), The Sharm El Sheikh Implementation Plan for COP27 (UNFCCC, 2022)

Effective rangeland management relies on precise monitoring and assessment of natural resources, offering insights into ecosystem structure and function. Standardized methods, consistently applied over time and space, are crucial for ensuring data quality across various applications. Achieving successful rangeland monitoring necessitates significant investments in time and human resources, emphasizing comprehensive training. This proficiency extends beyond professionals to academics, playing a pivotal role in education.

On 6 February 2022, the African Union’s (AU's) Climate Change and Resilient Development Strategy and Action Plan (2022-2032) was endorsed at the 35th Ordinary Session of the AU’s Assembly of African Heads of State and Government. This is Africa’s first collective climate change action plan and Strategy that details specific suggested actions the continent needs to urgently achieve to respond to climate change. Subsequently, on the 19-20 June 2023, the AU hosted a Strategic Climate Investment Partnership Roundtable in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.