Este booklet recoge la información y mensajes clave de la publicación El estado de los bosques del mundo 2018

Информационная листовка, посвященная публикации «Состояние лесов мира - 2018».

In developed and developing countries all over the world, farmers and indigenous and local communities have traditional knowledge, expertise, skills and practices related to food security and to food and agricultural production and diversity. Since its creation in 1945, FAO has recognized the significant contributions these make to food and agriculture, and the relevance of on-farm/in situ and ex situ conservation of genetic resources for food and agriculture.

Widespread land degradation has serious negative ecological, social, and economic consequences. This is particularly true for smallholder farming systems in sub-Saharan Africa, which are crucial for the livelihoods of the majority of the population and the national economies. Sustainable land management (SLM) is seen as the best way to combat or even reverse land degradation. However, the contexts and conditions hindering land users’ uptake of SLM techniques are often poorly understood. The AGORA project explores the drivers of land degradation at two sites in Tanzania and Malawi.

This detailed report summarises key findings from an extensive Regional Diagnostic Study (RDS) for South Asia. Despite intense analytical efforts at the sub-regional level, reliable downscaled data may not be available with current models. As well, the spatial scale of available downscaled climate products (Regional Climate Models) may preclude their use in local decision-making. Often, locally significant drivers such as land use-land cover change overwhelm the influence of climatic drivers.

The purpose of this paper is to highlight the detrimental impact of land tenure insecurity on deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon. It is related to recent controversies about the detrimental impact of land laws on deforestation, which seem to legitimize land encroachments. The latter is mainly the result of land tenure insecurity which is a key characteristic of this region and results from a long history of interactions between rural social unrest and land reforms or land laws. A simple model is developed where strategic interactions between farmers lead to excessive deforestation.

El presente estudio sobre las causas directas y subyacentes de deforestación y degradación de los bosques en Guinea Ecuatorial se ha realizado en el marco del proceso de desarrollo de la Estrategia Nacional REDD+ (EN-REDD+) y del Plan Nacional de Inversión REDD (PNI-REDD+). La EN-REDD+ y el PNI-REDD+ aspiran a guiar y apoyar los esfuerzos de todas las partes implicadas en la implementación de REDD+ , que tiene como objetivo reducir las emisiones, aumentar el secuestro de carbono en los bosques y mejorar la gestión y conservación de las reservas forestales de carbono.

This FAO Legal Paper looks at and evaluates the present laws and policies relating to sustainable small-scale fisheries in the fisheries and aquaculture legislation in operation in Sierra Leone and makes recommendations to align them with the Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests in the Context of National Food Security (VGGT). This Paper provides a brief introduction of the fisheries sector in Sierra Leone, focusing on the small-scale sect or with an overview of the uses and access rights to resources.

Soil erosion is a natural process causing serious land degradation problems. In Tunisia, soil
erosion represents a serious environmental problem. The Rmel watershed located in the
Governorate of Zaghouan in north-eastern Tunisia and covering an area of 679 square
kilometers, suffers from this problem. It was thus selected to estimate annual soil loss using the
Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE), and geographic information system (GIS).
RUSLE model’s parameters (R, K, LS, C, and P) were derived from digital elevation model

The biosphere reserve model is a global designation in accordance with UNESCO’s Man and the Biosphere Programme. Biosphere reserves are required to fulfil three functions as prescribed by UNESCO, namely conservation, sustainable development and logistic support. Worldwide, the 669 biosphere reserves in 120 countries are experiencing different degrees of effectiveness in fulfilling these functions.

Private forests are widespread in Europe providing a range of ecosystem services of significant value to society, and there are calls for novel policies to enhance their provision and to face the challenges of environmental changes. Such policies need to acknowledge the importance of private forests, and importantly they need to be based on a deep understanding of how property rights held by private forest owners vary across Europe. We collected and analysed data on the content of property rights based on formal legal requirements existing in 31 European jurisdictions.

This paper offers solutions to some of the challenges around maintaining productive agricultural land close to cities in countries facing a decline in urban populations. In such circumstances, some farmers have been observed to convert their land into real estate and leave farming before land prices decline, therefore decreasing the area of agricultural land close to large cities. In contrast, many suburban farmers in developed countries remain in farming even when land prices decline and suburbs shrink.