Los bosques y los árboles respaldan la agricultura sostenible. Estabilizan los suelos y el clima, regulan los flujos de agua, ofrecen sombra y refugio y proporcionan un hábitat a los polinizadores y los depredadores naturales de plagas agrícolas. Asimismo, contribuyen a la seguridad alimentaria de cientos de millones de personas, para quienes constituyen fuentes importantes de alimentos, energía e ingresos. Sin embargo, la agricultura sigue siendo el principal factor de la deforestación a nivel mundial y, a menudo, las políticas agrícolas, forestales y de tierras no casan.

森林和树木为农业可持续发展提供支持。森林和树木固定土壤、稳定气候，调解水流，提供荫蔽和居所，为传粉昆虫和动物以及农业有害生物天敌提供栖息地。森林和树木还为亿万民众的粮食安全做出贡献，为其提供食物、能源和收入。然而，农业依然是全球毁林的主要驱动因素；同时，农业、林业和土地政策往往存在分歧。

《世界森林状况2016》发现，在提升农业生产力和粮食安全的同时，我们可以做到遏制甚至扭转毁林趋势，其中特别突出介绍了哥斯达黎加、智利、冈比亚、格鲁吉亚、加纳、突尼斯和越南的情况。土地利用综合规划是平衡各项土地用途的关键，同时以正确的政策手段为基础，促进可持续森林和农业发展。

Read the http://www.fao.org/3/a-i5588c.pdf ">世界森林状况 2016

http://www.fao.org/3/a-i5852c.pdf ">宣传单

El Mecanismo para bosques y fincas (FFF, por sus siglas en inglés) es una asociación entre la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura (FAO), el Instituto Internacional de Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo (IIED, por sus siglas en inglés), la Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza (UICN), y AgriCord que actualmente recibe financiamiento de Suecia, Finlandia, Alemania, Estados Unidos de América y AgriCord, a través del programa “Agricultores en lucha contra la pobreza”.

Animal products are at the heart of environmental issues of agriculture. Their global impacts on land use, biodiversity, water use and greenhouse gas emissions are singled out. The application of Life Cycle Assessment for the environmental assessment of agricultural products and especially meat products has changed the perception of their environmental impacts, providing a broader view of the production system and a multi-criteria evaluation. While the impacts of livestock are better known, the assessment methods remain to be stabilized.

Solution of ecological problems is an urgent and extremely important task at the present stage of social economic development of Ukraine. Unreasonably high degree of economic (mostly agricultural) reclaiming of area causes spreading and intensification of degradation processes in ecosystems. Conservation of lands, including the one carried out by means of foresting of degraded lands, is the principal way to renature environment. The article concerns an issue of land conservation in the context of ecosystem services of forests.

Land degradation is a topical issue not only in Latvia, but also in Europe. Even the real estate additional tax rate of 1.5% does not prevent agricultural land from overgrowing, and there is no other legal mechanism to control it. One of the mechanisms of prevention of land degradation process is reconstruction of drainage systems, change of worthless agricultural land (less than 25 points) to forest land or improvement and return of agricultural land (more than 25 points) to economic production.

The research work presented in this doctoral thesis is devoted to the study of land use. The question is examined from two angles: i) land use within the farm (the choice of crops, pastures), and ii) land use between economic sectors (forests, urban, agriculture, etc.). Two methods were employed: mathematical programming models for the agriculture and forestry sectors and econometric methods. The supply-side agricultural model, AROPAj, allows us to model farmers’ decision in terms of crops and nitrogen input quantities.

Global climate and land use changes could strongly affect soil erosion and the capability of soils to sustain agriculture and in turn impact regional or global food security. The objective of our study was to develop a method to assess soil sustainability to erosion under changes in land use and climate.