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This case study, based on interviews in Rwanda and an extensive review of secondary material, builds on previous analysis, and examines proposed land reforms as articulated in the National Land Policy. However, it does not attempt to be a comprehensive review of the land policy – more in-depth studies have already been conducted. Instead, it situates the policy and the process involved within the wider debates about governance and conflict resolution in the country. It examines some assumptions made in the policy, and essentially looks at the political aspects of questions which are often portrayed as purely ‘technical’ issues. We suggest that “policy implementation is more likely than not to be a process of policy interpretation”; and examine governance structures which are likely to guide this interpretation.