Founded in the 12th century, the Principality of Muscovy was able to emerge from over 200 years of Mongol domination (13th-15th centuries) and to gradually conquer and absorb surrounding principalities. In the early 17th century, a new ROMANOV Dynasty continued this policy of expansion across Siberia to the Pacific. Under PETER I (ruled 1682-1725), hegemony was extended to the Baltic Sea and the country was renamed the Russian Empire. During the 19th century, more territorial acquisitions were made in Europe and Asia. Defeat in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05 contributed to the Revolution of 1905, which resulted in the formation of a parliament and other reforms. Repeated devastating defeats of the Russian army in World War I led to widespread rioting in the major cities of the Russian Empire and to the overthrow in 1917 of the imperial household. The communists under Vladimir LENIN seized power soon after and formed the USSR. The brutal rule of Iosif STALIN (1928-53) strengthened communist rule and Russian dominance of the Soviet Union at a cost of tens of millions of lives. After defeating Germany in World War II as part of an alliance with the US (1939-1945), the USSR expanded its territory and influence in Eastern Europe and emerged as a global power. The USSR was the principal adversary of the US during the Cold War (1947-1991). The Soviet economy and society stagnated in the decades following Stalin’s rule, until General Secretary Mikhail GORBACHEV (1985-91) introduced glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring) in an attempt to modernize communism, but his initiatives inadvertently released forces that by December 1991 splintered the USSR into Russia and 14 other independent republics.
Following economic and political turmoil during President Boris YELTSIN's term (1991-99), Russia shifted toward a centralized authoritarian state under the leadership of President Vladimir PUTIN (2000-2008, 2012-present) in which the regime seeks to legitimize its rule through managed elections, populist appeals, a foreign policy focused on enhancing the country's geopolitical influence, and commodity-based economic growth. Russia faces a largely subdued rebel movement in Chechnya and some other surrounding regions, although violence still occurs throughout the North Caucasus.
Russia is a semi-presidential federation.
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Displaying 946 - 950 of 1046Model Instruction No. 5 of the Committee on Resources and Land Survey on purchase and sale of land.
This Model Instruction establishes that a citizen who wishes to sell a land plot of his ownership shall submit to the territorial branch of the Committee on Resources and Land Survey document attesting land ownership right (land certificate or other official land ownership act). Purchase and sale of land plots shall be authorized in the absence of land disputes and other circumstances impeding conclusion of land purchase and sale contracts.
Order No. 59 of the Ministry on Land Policy, Construction, Housing and Communal Services validating the Regulation on calculation of land area in condominiums.
This Order establishes that calculation of land area in condominiums and the establishment of boundaries thereof shall be carried out for the purpose of land use planning, establishment of land shares in common property, efficient use of urban land , taxation and state registration of immovable property. Land area in condominiums shall be ascertained in the process of elaboration and mapping of the boundaries of condominium in accordance with land use planning documentation. The Order contains calculation formula.
Regulation No. GZK-1-T.P.-11-02-01 of the Federal Land Cadastre Service on inventory of land cadastre data.
This Regulation establishes the modalities of inventory of previously registered land plots, maps and location of land plots. The list of previously registered land plots shall include: (a) land plots with assigned cadastre numbers; and (b) land plots without cadastre numbers. For the purpose of the identification of land plots subject to insertion in the inventory list of cadastre district shall be consulted and analysed the following documents: (a) land register; (b) register of cadastre numbers; and (c) list of payers of land tax and rent.
Order No. P/89 of the Federal Land Cadastre Service on cadastre subdivision of the national territory.
This Order establishes subdivision of the territory of the Russian Federation into 89 cadastre districts assigns numbers thereto and validates cadastre mapping of the national territory. It also entitles the Federal Land Cadastre Service with the task of keeping state land cadastre of cadastre districts.
Order No. P/119 of the Federal Land Cadastre Service validating land cadastre documentation.
This Order establishes the requirements for state registration of cadastre district land that shall be integral part of Uniform state land registration system and shall have as its purpose state cadastre registration of land plots within the boundaries of a cadastre district.