Founded in the 12th century, the Principality of Muscovy was able to emerge from over 200 years of Mongol domination (13th-15th centuries) and to gradually conquer and absorb surrounding principalities. In the early 17th century, a new ROMANOV Dynasty continued this policy of expansion across Siberia to the Pacific. Under PETER I (ruled 1682-1725), hegemony was extended to the Baltic Sea and the country was renamed the Russian Empire. During the 19th century, more territorial acquisitions were made in Europe and Asia. Defeat in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05 contributed to the Revolution of 1905, which resulted in the formation of a parliament and other reforms. Repeated devastating defeats of the Russian army in World War I led to widespread rioting in the major cities of the Russian Empire and to the overthrow in 1917 of the imperial household. The communists under Vladimir LENIN seized power soon after and formed the USSR. The brutal rule of Iosif STALIN (1928-53) strengthened communist rule and Russian dominance of the Soviet Union at a cost of tens of millions of lives. After defeating Germany in World War II as part of an alliance with the US (1939-1945), the USSR expanded its territory and influence in Eastern Europe and emerged as a global power. The USSR was the principal adversary of the US during the Cold War (1947-1991). The Soviet economy and society stagnated in the decades following Stalin’s rule, until General Secretary Mikhail GORBACHEV (1985-91) introduced glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring) in an attempt to modernize communism, but his initiatives inadvertently released forces that by December 1991 splintered the USSR into Russia and 14 other independent republics.
Following economic and political turmoil during President Boris YELTSIN's term (1991-99), Russia shifted toward a centralized authoritarian state under the leadership of President Vladimir PUTIN (2000-2008, 2012-present) in which the regime seeks to legitimize its rule through managed elections, populist appeals, a foreign policy focused on enhancing the country's geopolitical influence, and commodity-based economic growth. Russia faces a largely subdued rebel movement in Chechnya and some other surrounding regions, although violence still occurs throughout the North Caucasus.
Russia is a semi-presidential federation.
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Displaying 966 - 970 of 1046Ministerial Decree No. 206 amending Ministerial Decree No. 316 of 2000 related to state cadastre land valuation.
Item 3 of Ministerial Decree No. 316 of 2000 regarding the validation of the Regulation on carrying out state cadastre valuation of land shall be amended to add the following: “State cadastre valuation of land shall be carried out no less than once every five years and no more than once every three years.”
Amends: Ministerial Decree No. 316 of 2000 regarding validation of the Regulation on carrying out state cadastre valuation of land. (2000-04-08)
Order No. 66 of the Ministry of Justice validating the form of vidimus for cadastre registration of land.
This Order validates the form of vidimus for cadastre registration of plots of land and the form of cadastre maps of the territory.
Implements: Federal Law No. 221-FZ on state cadastre of immovable property. (2007-07-24)
Ministerial Decree No. 846 validating the Regulation on land monitoring.
This Ministerial Decree establishes the modalities for land monitoring as an integral part of environmental monitoring. Land monitoring shall have the following purposes: (a) timely discovery and assessment of changes in the state of land and elaboration of recommendations to prevent or mitigate negative impacts; (b) data collection and reporting on state land cadastre; and (c) access to information on the state of land.
Ministerial Decree No. 154 validating the Regulation on state registration of soil fertility indices of agricultural land.
This Ministerial Decree establishes the modalities for state registration of soil fertility indices of agricultural land, which shall be a complete system of data collection and information processing in order to: (a) form a reliable database on the state and dynamics of soil fertility of agricultural land; (b) identify and prevent negative impacts of economic activities on agricultural land; (c) identify reserves to ensure sustainable agricultural production; and (d) provide information support to the state land cadastre.
Ministerial Decree No. 396 validating the Regulation on territorial land use planning.
This Ministerial Decree establishes the modalities of carrying out territorial land use planning, and land surveys. Territorial land use planning shall be carried out by legal persons and individual entrepreneurs in accordance with contracts and on the initiative of local self-government bodies, landowners and tenants.