Founded in the 12th century, the Principality of Muscovy was able to emerge from over 200 years of Mongol domination (13th-15th centuries) and to gradually conquer and absorb surrounding principalities. In the early 17th century, a new ROMANOV Dynasty continued this policy of expansion across Siberia to the Pacific. Under PETER I (ruled 1682-1725), hegemony was extended to the Baltic Sea and the country was renamed the Russian Empire. During the 19th century, more territorial acquisitions were made in Europe and Asia. Defeat in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05 contributed to the Revolution of 1905, which resulted in the formation of a parliament and other reforms. Repeated devastating defeats of the Russian army in World War I led to widespread rioting in the major cities of the Russian Empire and to the overthrow in 1917 of the imperial household. The communists under Vladimir LENIN seized power soon after and formed the USSR. The brutal rule of Iosif STALIN (1928-53) strengthened communist rule and Russian dominance of the Soviet Union at a cost of tens of millions of lives. After defeating Germany in World War II as part of an alliance with the US (1939-1945), the USSR expanded its territory and influence in Eastern Europe and emerged as a global power. The USSR was the principal adversary of the US during the Cold War (1947-1991). The Soviet economy and society stagnated in the decades following Stalin’s rule, until General Secretary Mikhail GORBACHEV (1985-91) introduced glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring) in an attempt to modernize communism, but his initiatives inadvertently released forces that by December 1991 splintered the USSR into Russia and 14 other independent republics.
Following economic and political turmoil during President Boris YELTSIN's term (1991-99), Russia shifted toward a centralized authoritarian state under the leadership of President Vladimir PUTIN (2000-2008, 2012-present) in which the regime seeks to legitimize its rule through managed elections, populist appeals, a foreign policy focused on enhancing the country's geopolitical influence, and commodity-based economic growth. Russia faces a largely subdued rebel movement in Chechnya and some other surrounding regions, although violence still occurs throughout the North Caucasus.
Russia is a semi-presidential federation.
Members:
Resources
Displaying 161 - 165 of 1046Regional Decree No. 704 “On the modalities of performance of municipal land control”.
This Regional Decree establishes the modalities of performance of municipal land control by local government. Municipal land control shall be conducted in the form of ordinary and extraordinary inspections of legal persons and individual entrepreneurs. The subject of inspection shall be checking data and information contained in the documentation related to land tenure. The scope of inspection shall be to control compliance by land tenant with compulsory legislative requirements related to land tenure with a view of prevention and suppression of unauthorized transactions with land.
Law of the RSFSR No. 1034-I on sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population.
This Law deals with land use planning as regards urban and country-side planning, establishes the sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the potable and industrial water supply services, establishes the requirements for food handling, processing, storage and trade, and lays down the sanitary and epidemiological requirements for waste disposal.The Law consists of 7 Sections composed of 43 articles. Section 1 (arts. 1-4) lays down the general provisions. Section 2 (arts.
Regional Law No. 52-OD “On ensuring fertility of agricultural land”.
The scope of this Regional Law shall be to ensure fertility of agricultural land by owners, landlords, land tenants and leaseholders. The main arrangements for ensuring soil fertility shall be: (a) elaboration and realization of regional programs; (b) soil, agrochemical, phytosanitary, ecological and toxicological inspection; (c) investments in soil conservation and reproduction; and (d) improvement of soil quality and fertility.
Regional Law No. 135-OZ amending Regional Law No. 105-OZ “On objects of cultural heritage”.
Article 10 shall be amended to add the following wording: “Objects of cultural heritage of regional significance inserted in the official register of the objects of cultural heritage shall have inscriptions (intitulation) and indications containing information on the objects of cultural heritage”.
Amends: Regional Law No. 105-OZ “On objects of cultural heritage”. (2009-03-24)
Regional Law No. 64-RZ “On allocation of territory for pastoralism”.
This Regional Law establishes the modalities of allocation of agricultural lands for grazing, transhumance and pastoralism and is aimed at promotion of traditional forms of pastoralism. Land destined for grazing, transhumance and pastoralism shall be public property and shall not be subject to privatization. Land destined for grazing, transhumance and pastoralism can be allotted to natural and legal persons exclusively on lease. Map of areas destined for grazing, transhumance and pastoralism is attached in the Annex.