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Region:East Africa.Focus:A review of catchment studies (n = 37) conducted in East Africa evaluating the impacts ofLand Use and Land Cover Changes (LULCC) on discharge, surface runoff, and lowflows.New hydrological insights:Forest cover loss is accompanied by increased stream discharges andsurface runoff. No significant difference in stream discharge is observed between bamboo andpine plantation catchments, and between cultivated and tea plantation catchments. Trend ana-lyses show that despite forest cover loss, 63% of the watersheds show non-significant changes inannual discharges while 31% show increasing trends. Half of the watersheds show non-sig-nificant trends in wet seasonflows and lowflows while 35% reveal decreasing trends in lowflows. Modeling studies estimate that forest cover loss increases annual discharges and surfacerunoffby 16 ± 5.5% and 45 ± 14%, respectively. Peakflows increased by a mean of10 ± 2.8% while lowflows decreased by a mean of 7 ± 5.3%. Increased forest cover decreasesannual discharges and surface runoffby 13 ± 1.9% and 25 ± 5%, respectively. Weak corre-lations between forest cover and runoff(r = 0.42, p
