Protecting and Restoring the Ocean’s natural Capital, building Resilience and supporting region-wide Investm

Objectives

Protecting, restoring and harnessing the natural coastal and marine capital of the Caribbean and North Brazil Shelf Large Marine Ecosystems to catalyze investments in a climate-resilient, sustainable post-covid Blue Economy, through strengthened regional coordination and collaboration, and wide-ranging partnerships.

Other

Note: Disbursement data provided is cumulative and covers disbursement made by the project Agency.

Target Groups

The dependency of the societal and economic dimensions of the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda on a healthy biosphere and on “Life Below Water” (“Sustainable Development Goal” or “SDG “ #14) is clearly captured in the representation by the Stockholm Resilience Centre of the 17 SDG’s shown in Figure 21 here below, with the biosphere underpinning healthy economies and societies.By contributing to the protection, restoration and harnessing of the coastal and marine capital of the CLME+ Region, the project will contribute to improvements in the socio-economic well-being of the region as a whole by:? Enhancing coordination related to ocean governance through the operations of the Ocean Coordination Mechanism (OCM) that is expected to contribute to ocean sustainability and support the transition towards sustainable ocean-based economies. It is anticipated that the OCM will also increase the capacity of governments to make more effective decisions relevant to the ocean and ocean-related sectors through improved regional monitoring and reporting processes, generating cascading effects towards an improvement of the livelihoods of local inhabitants.? Developing a cyclical Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis/Strategic Action Program (“TDA/SAP”) process, including the coordination of the periodic assessment of and reporting on the state of the marine environment and associated economies (SOMEE), and facilitating the development and implementation of regional programs and SAPs by countries, IGOs and other partners. Both the SOMEE and SAP will support regional, national, and local planning/sustainability efforts by providing an enabling environment to make scientifically informed, strategic decisions related to ocean governance and management in an efficient manner.? Supporting measures that will promote the sustainability of marine resources for the benefit of all inhabitants of the CLME+ region, contributing to food security for the region. ? Increasing the protection of the marine environment, through area-based conservation measures, such as marine protected areas or other effective conservation measures (MPA/OECM), improved ecosystem-based management, and sustainable fisheries, including habitat restoration initiatives and addressing climate change issues.? Upscaling ocean-based sustainable development & livelihoods/blue economies, through the implementation of micro-financing and other activities aimed at improving the health of coastal and marine ecosystems, catalyzing sustainable fisheries management and addressing pollution reduction in marine environments. Through these activities, the project is expected to contribute to poverty alleviation by improving the livelihoods for inhabitants of coastal communities in the region. ? Promoting interactive and participatory coordination for the conservation and sustainable use of marine living resources that will support meaningful and inclusive participation of all segments of society, including marginalized individuals and groups, in its design, implementation and monitoring phases. The principle of inclusiveness and equity will be applied for all project activities.? Implementing measures for the use of ecosystem-based management (EBM) and the ecosystem approach to fisheries (EAF). Both EBM and EAF promote the sustainability of marine resources and increase the socio-economic resilience of local inhabitants. ? Expanding the integration of planning efforts on the “Blue Economy” and Marine Spatial Planning across the region which is expected to assist with post COVID 19 and post hurricane economic recovery and contribute to improved measures on climate change mitigation and adaptation. REFERenCESAl Masroori, H., H. Al Oufi, J. McIlwain and E. McLean., “Catches of Lost Fish Traps (ghost fishing) from Fishing Grounds near Muscat, Sultanate of Oman,” Fisheries Research, Vol. 69, No. 3, 2004, pp. 407-414. doi:10.1016/j.fishres.2004.05.014CLME Project. 2011. Caribbean Large Marine Ecosystem Regional Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis, Cartagena: CLME Project. https://iwlearn.net/documents/7776Cohen, A. D., R. Raymond, A. Ramirez, Z. Morales, F. Ponce. The Changuinola peat deposit of northwestern Panama: a tropical, back-barrier, peat(coal)-forming environment. Int. J. Coal Geol. 12, 157–192 (1989).CRFM. 2012. Diagnostic Study to Determine Poverty Levels in CARICOM Fishing Communities - Policy Document. CRFM Technical & Advisory Document, Number 2012 / 3, Volume II. 25p.CRFM, 2016. Promoting Regional Trade and Agribusiness Development in the Caribbean: Case Studies on Linking Fisheries to Tourism-Related Markets. CRFM Technical & Advisory Document, No 2016 / 3. Belize City. pp101.Dunn, D., Stewart, K., Bjorkland, R., Haughton, M., Singh-Renton, S., Lewison, R., Thorne, L., Halpin, P. 2010. A regional analysis of coastal and domestic fishing effort in the wider Caribbean. Fisheries Research. 102. 60-68. 10.1016/j.fishres.2009.10.010.EIA (Energy Information Administration). 2021. Country Analysis Brief: Brazil. Washington, DC, USAFAO 2017. Background documents for the Workshop on investing in ecosystem-based shrimp and groundfish fisheries management of the Guianas – Brazil shelf, Barbados, 7–8 September 2015. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Circular No. 1120. Rome, Italy. Available on-line at: http://www.fao.org/3/a-i5648e.pdfFAO. 2020. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2020. Sustainability in action. Rome.https://doi.org/10.4060/ca9229enFAO. 2021. FAO yearbook. Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics 2019/FAOFriends of Ocean Action. 2020. Impact Report: The Business Case for Marine Protection and Conservation. Friends of Ocean Action. https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Business_case_for_marine_protection.pdfHalcrow Group (Trinidad & Tobago) Ltd. 2016. Design and Feasibility Study for a Risk Resilient Integrated Coastal Zone management Programme Component 1 (TT T1038). Economic Contribution of the Coastal Zone. Report prepared for the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)Halpern, B. S., Walbridge, S., Selkoe, K. A., Kappel, C. V., Micheli, F., d'Agrosa, C., ... & Watson, R. (2008). A global map of human impact on marine ecosystems. science, 319(5865), 948-952.Herr, D. and Landis, E. (2016). Coastal blue carbon ecosystems. Opportunities for Nationally Determined Contributions. Policy Brief. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN and Washington, DC, USA: TNC.IPCC. 2019. Summary for policymakers. In: Shukla, P.R., Skea, J., Calvo Buendia, E., Masson-Delmonte, V., Portner, H., Roberts, D.C., Zhai, P., Slade, R., Connors, S., van Diemen, R., Ferrat, M., Haughey, E., Luz, S., Neogi, S., Pathak, M., Petzold, J., Portugal Pereira, J., Vyas, P., Huntley, E., Kissick, K., Belkacemi, M., Malley, J. (Eds.), Climate Change and Land: An IPCC Special Report on Climate Change, Desertification, Land Degradation, Sustainable Land Management, Food Security, and Greenhouse Gas Fluxes in Terrestrial Ecosystems, pp. 1–36. https://doi.org/ 10.4337/9781784710644INVEMAR-CARDIQUE. 2014. Plan de ordenación y manejo integrado de la zona costera de la Unidad Ambiental Costera río Magdalena complejo Canal del Dique-Sistema Lagunar Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta, sector departamento de Bolívar. Informe Técnico de Avance – ITA 001: CaracterizacINVEMAR. 2016. Diagnóstico ambiental de la bahía de Cartagena, Departamento de Bolívar. Concepto técnico CPT-CAM-022-16. 65 p.IOC-UNESCO & UNEP. 2015a. LME12 - Caribbean Sea. Transboundary Water Assessment Programme (TWAP). United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) - Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO (IOC-UNESCO). Nairobi, Kenya: 13 pIOC-UNESCO & UNEP. 2015b. LME17 – North Brazil Shelf. Transboundary Water Assessment Programme (TWAP). United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) - Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO (IOC-UNESCO). Nairobi, Kenya: 13 pKrauss, C. (2017 January 13). With a Major Oil Discovery, Guyana Is Poised to Become a Top Producer. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/13/business/energy-environment/major-oil-find-guyana-exxon-mobile-hess.htmlKuruvilla, S. (2001). Impact of shrimp fisheries in Trinidad and Tobago. In FAO. Tropical shrimp fisheries and their impact on living resources. Shrimp Fisheries in Asia: Bangladesh, Indonesia and the Philippines; in the near East: Bahrain and Iran; in Africa: Cameroon, Nigeria and the United Republic of Tanzania; in Latin America: Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela, pp. 308-330. FAO Fisheries circular No. 974. Row, FAO. 2001. 378 pp. López-Victoria, M., M. Rodríguez y F.A. Zapata. 2014. A paradoxical reef from Varadero, Cartagena Bay, Colombia. Coral Reefs, 34: 231.Martínez-Campo, M, N. Rincón, M. González, J. Hernández, A. Díaz. 2017. Anexo 7: Evaluación de las condiciones ambientales y apoyo a CORPAMAG en la atención de emergencias. 83 p. En: INVEMAR. 2017. Actividades de investigación para la gestión ambiental de la zona marino costera del departamento del Magdalena y atención de las emergencias ambientales. Convenio No. 131 de 2016 CORPAMAG-INVEMAR. Código PRY-CAM-017- 16. Santa Marta.Mcfield, M., Kramer, P., Alvarez-Filip, L., Drysdale, I., Marisol, R.-F., Giro, A., et al. (2018). 2018 Mesoamerican Reef Report Card. doi: 10.13140/RG.2.2.19679.36005Miloslavich P, Díaz JM, Klein E, Alvarado JJ, Díaz C, Gobin J, et al. (2010) Marine Biodiversity in the Caribbean: Regional Estimates and Distribution Patterns. PLoS ONE 5(8): e11916. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0011916Mohammed, Elizabeth & Ferreira, L. & Soomai, Suzuette & Martin, L. & Chan, A. & Shing, C.. (2011). Coastal fisheries of Trinidad and Tobago. Coastal Fisheries of Latin America and the Caribbean. 315-356. Patil, P.G., Virdin, J., Diez, S.M., Roberts, J., Singh, A. (2016). Toward A Blue Economy: A Promise for Sustainable Growth in the Caribbean; An Overview. The World Bank, Washington D.C.Prada, M.C., R.S., Appeldoorn, E.V. Sjef, & M., Perez. 2017. Regional Queen Conch Fisheries Management and Conservation Plan. Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper No. 610. Rome, FAO. 70 pp.Restrepo, J. D., P. Zapata, J.M. Diaz, J. Garzón-Ferreira & C.B. García. 2006. Fluvial fluxes into the Caribbean Sea and their impact on coastal ecosystems: The Magdalena River, Colombia. Global and Planetary Change 50(1-2): 33-49.Ruiz de Gauna, I., Markandya, A., Onofri, L., Greño, F., Warman, J., Arce, N., Navarrete, N., Rivera, M., Kobelkowsky, R., Vargas, M., Hernández, M. (2021). Economic valuation of the ecosystem services of the Mesoamerican Reef, and the allocation and distribution of these values. IDB Working Paper Series ; 1214.Sala, E., and Giakoumi, S. (2018). No-take marine reserves are the most effective protected areas in the ocean. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 75, 1166–1168. doi: 10.1093/icesjms/fsx059Seefeldt, J. (2022, March 15). Small oil producers like Ghana, Guyana and Suriname could gain as buyers shun Russian crude. The Conservations. https://theconversation.com/small-oil-producers-like-ghana-guyana-and-suriname-could-gain-as-buyers-shun-russian-crude-178862#:~:text=Oil%20production%20started%20in%20Guyana,over%20340%2C000%20barrels%20per%20day.Singh, A., et al. (2015). Potential oil spill risk from shipping and the implications for management in the Caribbean Sea. Mar. Pollut. Bull. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.01.013UNEP-CEP (2020). The State of Nearshore Marine Habitats in the Wider Caribbean. Port-of-Spain: CANARI. (UNEP-CEP, August 2020).UNFCCC NDC Registry. 2020. https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/NDCStaging/Pages/All.aspxVila, L. et al. 2004. Estudio sobre el tráfico marítimo en torno a la República de Cuba. Informe Técnico. Centro de Investigaciones del Transporte (Cetra), La Habana. 61pWorld Travel and Tourism Council. 2004. The Caribbean: The Impact of Travel & Tourism on Jobs and the EconomyWorld Travel and Tourism Council. 2009. Travel and Economic Impact – Caribbean. LondonWorld Travel and Tourism Council. 2021. Travel and Tourism Economic Impact 2021. WRI. 2011. Reefs at Risk Revisited. Available from: https://files.wri.org/d8/s3fs-public/pdf/reefs_at_risk_revisited.pdf