Includes land alienation in the case study sites; impacts of land alienation; coping strategies; conclusions and policy recommendations. Found that livestock numbers are declining dramatically in the area, land degradation is increasing, people are becoming more vulnerable to drought and famine, and resource-based conflicts are increasing in severity. The traditional pastoralist way of life is increasingly making way for sedentary farming and enclosed private grazing land.

This paper looks at how recent economic and legal changes have affected pasture management and property rights in Tajikistan. Firstly, current trends in livestock numbers and mobility are compared with those of the Soviet period. Secondly, the impact of current land legislation is investigated using 2007 field data from two sites in the Gorno-Badakhshan region of the country. We describe the extent to which pasture at these sites is under private, community or state control and discuss the implications for sustainable management of this resource.

La présente ordonnance (qui complète celle n°93-015 du 2 mars 1993 portant principes d’orientation du code rural) définit et précise les principes fondamentaux et les règles régissant le pastoralisme au Niger.Cette ordonnance consacre la mobilité des éleveurs, pasteurs nomades et transhumants comme un droit fondamental reconnu et garanti par l’Etat et les collectivités territoriales. Les modes d’accès et des droits sur les ressources foncières pastorales relevant du domaine public de l’Etat ou des collectivités territoriales sont régis par les traditions pastorales.

An exploratory survey was undertaken to understand sheep production system, breeding practices and selection criteria for Ethiopian Menz and Afar sheep breeds in their home tract as a step towards developing sustainable sheep breeding strategies. The mean sheep flock size was 31.6 in Menz and 23.0 in Afar area. Half of the pastoralists (Afar) and one-fifth of smallholder farmers (Menz) do not have a breeding ram. Mating was predominantly uncontrolled. Higher chance of mixing sheep flocks was reported in most of the seasons.