The most common ways to present data for research, demographic, political, and other reporting purposes is by administrative unit or the unit of measure that recognizes the political boundaries and area of a country. The map shows Africa divided into nation equivalent (zero-level) units. The majority of these zero-level units represent countries that are further divided into smaller subnational (first-level) units, such as departments or states, which vary in size and number per country.

Históricamente las áreas naturales de alta montaña en México han sufrido de presión a sus recursos naturales provocados por diversos factores como la extracción de recursos maderables y las plagas y enfermedades. Los intentos de zonificación resultan muy generalistas y se hace imposible hacer una evaluación de las transiciones menores de 10 años, debido a que los procesos necesarios para su evaluación suponen una elevada inversión en tiempo para tener un producto detallado y funcional.

Land use reflects the needs, demands and values of human society. We can see two antagonistic trends of land use change in Slovakia over the past few decades. Land use change towards more intensive in some areas (vicinity of cities, highways, lowlands), but others (uplands and mountains with traditionally agricultural used) are abandoned and left to their own spontaneous dynamic. The abandonment of agriculture is a pattern common to all industrialized countries, especially in hilly and mountain ranges (Farina, A., 2007).

In this study, great soil groups, erosion classes and land capability classes of Tokat province were digitized and analyzed by using geographic information systems (GIS). Settlements, bare rocky areas and water surfaces like reservoirs or lakes were excluded from the evaluation.

The Landsat TM/ETM images obtained in 2000, 2006 and 2010 were used to generate Land Use and Land Cover (LULC)maps of Canakkale province including forest,grassland,agriculture,water and residential area bare soil classes.

Çalışmada 2000, 2006 ve 2010 yıllarında alınan Landsat TM/ETM uydu görüntüleri kullanılarak Çanakkale ilinin orman, mera, tarım, su, yerleşim çıplak alan sınıflarını içeren Arazi Kullanım ve Bitki Örtüsü (AKBÖ) haritaları yapılmıştır.

Floods are one of the most common hazards in the world, affecting people's lives and livelihoods. Flood hazard mapping and flood shelters suitability analysis are vital elements in appropriate land use planning for flood-prone areas. This paper describes application of Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) in identifying flood hazard zones and flood shelters and are therefore important tools for planners and decision makers.

Groundwater development potential in northern Ghana (108 671 km2) has been assessed by combining spatial layers for five critical factors?recharge rate, regolith thickness, transmissivity, borehole success rate and static water level?through a multi-criteria analysis approach to rank development potential from the viewpoint of groundwater availability and accessibility at a resolution of 1 km2.

More than 1 million hectares of urban land in India could be irrigated for crops if wastewater was made safe for use. Lack of systematic data collection by municipalities makes it difficult to accurately assess the wastewater generation or estimate the total amount of urban area under wastewater irrigation, so the potential of urban and peri-urban farming could be even greater.

This manual was written for the students of the School of Natural Resources and Tourism,

Polytechnic of Namibia during the pilot project “Assessing potential to produce final Ocean Colour maps of Namibia’s marine environment”, which is supported by the BCLME

Programme and the Polytechnic of Namibia.