Vaccination services for people and livestock often fail to achieve sufficient coverages in Africa's remote rural settings because of financial, logistic, and service delivery constraints. In Chad from 2000 through 2005, we demonstrated the feasibility of combining vaccination programs for nomadic pastoralists and their livestock. Sharing of transport logistics and equipment between physicians and veterinarians reduced total costs. Joint delivery of human and animal health services is adapted to and highly valued by hard-to-reach pastoralists.

The semi-arid Kitengela plains south of Nairobi National Park (NNP) have been the longtime

home of the Kaputiei Maasai community. Together with NNP these plains form the

Athi-Kaputiei ecosystem. The plains host rich populations of wildlife and are vital to the

health of NNP, since 70 to 80 percent of the Park’s animals roam outside it’s boundaries

at any one time.

But the rangeland that once seemed endless is now splintering. Close to the ever

expanding Nairobi, the Kitengela plains are experiencing a population boom, rising land

This strategy and action plan has been co-produced by over 50 organizations and individuals. We hope that it will be of value to all those interested in reducing poverty through livestock research and development in South and South-East Asia and China. In particular we hope that it will

be used by researchers, policymakers, aid specialists and development practitioners to inform the development of their policies, programs and projects.

The main purpose of the study presented here is to shed some light using simple and aggregated methods on the following question: In view of the expected climate change, is there also a long-term perspective for livestock development in the area, i.e. will the Turkana ecosystem be able to sustain livestock production during the next few decades?

The Maasai Mara Ecosystem (MME) is one of the key wildlife areas in Kenya and has more wildlife than any other part of the country. However, aerial surveys by the Department for Resource Surveys and Remote Sensing (DRSRS) show that Mara lost 60% of it’s resident wildlife in the last 25 years. As human populations grow, and crop farming expands and land privatizes, these pressures will only grow.

The research was conducted to assess the major animal health problems in market oriented livestock developments and to know the veterinary service in Metema woreda North West of the country from November 2006 to June 2007.A questionnaire survey was conducted in 80 livestock owners to collect information on major livestock health problems, veterinary service of the