This paper focuses on several
interrelated key questions on the geography of development.
Although we herald cities with their industrial bases as
'engines of growth,' does industrialization in
fact drive urbanization?1 What economic activities do cities
of different sizes undertake? Does this change as countries
develop? If so, what are the policy implications? Do
development policies have a big-city bias? If so, what does

A fundamental challenge for Vietnam is
to improve the affordability and efficiency of
infrastructure investment. The fragmentation of public
infrastructure investment results in duplication and waste,
and is a major underlying cause of investment inefficiency.
Bond issuance has been the most prominent form of debt
financing at the sub-national level. At the provincial
level, significant disconnects exist between total planned

Sana'a is located in an upland
basin at an altitude of 2300 meters within a mountainous and
semi-arid region of Yemen. Because of its high altitude, the
city enjoys a moderate climate year around. The main rainy
season is in summer. The nearest port is Hodeidah, roughly
250 kilometers away. Bound by mountains and steep slopes to
the east and west, the city has few options but to expand
primarily along its north and south axes within its basin.

Em 2009, o Centro Terra Viva (CTV) publicou o Guião de Consultas Comunitárias, como parte do seu esforço em melhorar a aplicação da legislação sobre terras e outros recursos naturais. O guião resultou de várias pesquisas de campo realizadas pelo CTV e outras organizações que trabalham na área de Terras.

This trainer’s manual aims to help strengthen and build the capacity of community activists, community based organisations and educators to support communities to understand Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC).

The objectives are: • to enable communities to demand meaningful participation in natural resource management decision-making;

• to make sure that internal community decision-making processes include all members of the community;

• to ensure that projects only go ahead if the consent of the affected community is given.

As the world is urbanizing, many cities
are grappling with a population that is growing rapidly,
thereby increasing demand for land and housing. This
pressure on land and housing markets often is exacerbated by
inappropriate or inadequate policies. The result is a supply
of well-located land and housing that falls well short of
demand and the proliferation of poorly serviced informal
settlements, many of which are located far from jobs, city

This is a Concession Agreement posted on OpenLandContracts.org. It lists Timber (Wood) as the primary resource(s)

This is a Concession Agreement posted on OpenLandContracts.org. It lists Timber (Wood) as the primary resource(s)

This is a Concession Agreement posted on OpenLandContracts.org. It lists Timber (Wood) as the primary resource(s)

The analysis reported here was prompted
by a realization that there was little reliable and
consistent information on what proportion of household
income is spent on urban public transport. The information
available uses inconsistent definitions of what costs are
included and how income is measured, making comparisons
between cities difficult. The authors report here on about a
dozen studies that have addressed the issue of

This report was commissioned by Natural Resources Wales to better understand the woodland social enterprise sector in Wales. Findings include the landscape of the sector, what enterprises are doing, and what potential there is for the sector to grow.