Pakistan is a case of double injustice contributing a minuscule share of global greenhouse gases, yet it is bearing the brunt of global climate change impacts. It ranks among the top 10 countries vulnerable to climate change (Eckstein et al., 2021). The 2022 IPCC Report underlines the heightened vulnerabilities because of global warming and climate change leading to more floods. The Asia-Pacific Disaster Report 20221, Pakistan could lose more than 9 percent of its annual GDP due to climate change.

Infrastructure in river basins is essential to achieving several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), including SDG 2 on zero hunger, SDG 6 on water and sanitation, and SDG 7 on affordable and clean energy. However, important tradeoffs and synergies need to be navigated across these goals as both water and resources for infrastructure investments are limited. In transboundary river basins, such tradeoffs can transcend countries, creating a complex, interconnected system of water-energy-food linkages.

This Theory of Change Narrative is for one such Learning Lab (LL) set up by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) in collaboration with one of the institutions within the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), namely ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute (ICAR-IVRI). The Learning Lab will have various partners to support activities including research and operations.

A proliferation of irrigation infrastructure throughout the Mekong River has impacted the ability of certain fish species to migrate to fulfil their lifecycle. In response, fishways, a type of fish-friendly irrigation structure, have been developed to provide passage for these fish. In recent years, several guidelines documents providing guidance on fish-friendly irrigation structures and their construction have been published. The development process from guideline inception to publication is unclear, while their purpose, audience, and contribution to fishway practice are vague.

Key messages:
• Seven agriculture and agrifood value chain innovations are found to improve employment and income opportunities in the agrifood value chains.
• Such income and employment require adequate enabling policies, including infrastructure investments, support to wholesale market development, social protection, labor market regulation, and supporting collective action organizations.
• Eleven knowledge gaps need to be addressed to better inform agrifood system policy and investment decision-making.

Egypt’s quota of Nile River water has been constant since the 1950s, despite the continual agricultural land expansion. To facilitate land reclamation, Egypt has reallocated Nile water from downstream users, mostly smallholders in the ‘old lands’ of the Delta. As water demands have grown, more attention has gone to the reuse of waste/drainage water as a reliable source for irrigated agriculture in the “old lands”.

Context and backgroundIn response to national development challenges, the Government of Kenya has disseminated its development agenda through the ‘Kenya Vision 2030, which aims at creating “a globally competitive and prosperous country with a high quality of life by 2030”. Infrastructure projects are key enablers in spurring the socioeconomic development.

African cities are characterized by urbanization, social and economic problems that very often favor crises in the development of their spaces. The city of Bouake, in the center of Côte d'Ivoire, has been experiencing urban sprawl since 1980. This urban sprawl is the result of shortcomings in urban land governance in Côte d'Ivoire following several land reforms. This study analyzes the successions of urban land reforms poorly suited to population growth and a difficult economic context in Bouake.

Championing A Regional Spatial Data Infrastructure Southern African Customs Union Case

Context and background:Intelligent transportation is a dynamic field focused on enhancing travel efficiency, reducing congestion, and increasing convenience. Central to this domain is the collection and analysis of spatio-temporal data, enabling precise traffic flow predictions and the development of intelligent traffic management systems. Integrating geospatial data, encompassing road topology and proximity to public infrastructure and transportation services, presents a significant challenge in designing effective intelligent transportation systems.

Context and backgroundThe Polytechnic University of Valencia UPV is collaborating with Valencia City Council in Spain, as part of the European GrowGreen project, to carry out a baseline study of the neighborhood, with the aim of improving the well-being of citizens and enhancing the green infrastructure of the Benicalap district.Goal and Objectives:In this research, monthly climate data recordings are made between April 2018 and July 2012, to compare the effects of different vegetation in different areas of the Benicalap park, on the temperature inside the soil as a function of the seasons.

Smart Cities In Mauritius: Opportunities And Challenges