Se identifican los patrones del crecimiento urbano de la ciudad de Chillán (Chile Central), el uso del suelo asociado a cada uno de ellos y los factores que guían el proceso de expansión urbana. Se cuantificaron los cambios en la superficie urbana construida en un período de 57 años (de 1943 hasta el 2000). Entre 1997 y el año 2000, se analizó el cambio en relación con el uso del suelo, la densidad de población y la condición socio-económica de los hogares. Se utilizaron fotografías aéreas, SIG (Arcview 3.2 y Arc-Info N.T) e índice de análisis espacial (Spatially Explicit Landscape Index).

En las áreas metropolitanas europeas, la construcción de redes de infraestructuras, fundamentalmente las de transporte, está propiciando la extensión de expectativas urbanísticas a ámbitos territoriales cada vez más amplios, en los que se dan simultáneamente procesos de especialización por tipos de usos y de rentas.

The trans-European transport network has different effects at interregional macro-regional and mezzo-regional level, and its effectiveness rises at the lower regional levels. Possible approaches to the trans-European transport network impact and effect survey and policy options have been pointed out. In that respect the brief review of survies, strategic framework and policies in European Union has been given. The importance of increased accessibility and mobility for regional expansion and for more balanced and polycentric system of city networks has been underlined.

Na cidade contemporânea, o ambiente construído vem se modificando, observandose a presença de áreas em transformação de uso e esvaziamento. Em São Paulo, a transformação do ambiente construído mediante esse processo, frente à dinâmica de ocupação do solo e reconfiguração de áreas pela via do mercado imobiliário, parece se consagrar como a principal força de produção do espaço urbano, apesar da existência de instrumentos urbanísticos de indução do desenvolvimento da cidade, articulado pela regulação do poder público municipal.

Los gobiernos locales desarrollan una amplia gama de políticas fiscales o regulatorias inspiradas en la idea de que el incremento en el valor de la tierra puede ser utilizado en beneficio de la comunidad, esto es, en la recuperación de plusvalías inmobiliarias. Este trabajo compara las experiencias de recuperación de plusvalías en América del Norte (Estados Unidos y Canadá) y América Latina, discutiendo las razones que han llevado a la utilización de distintas herramientas y los diferentes resultados y grados de éxito obtenidos en su implementación.

The short review of the space protection efficiency in European countries and in Serbia has been given. The role of instruments and measures of land policy and corresponding combinations of stimulative and destimulative instruments of economic and fiscal policy, with provision of programming and other support in efficient space protection and reservation in European countries has been investigated.

Resumen

The objective and strategy-oriented development goal of Phnom Penh urbanization aim to:

- Orient land usage and ensure the existing potential value of the Phnom Penh capital city in sustainable, efficient and equitable ways, in order to support the socio-economic development, ensure food security, pulchritude and environmental quality.

- Orient the development with equality, equity and correspondence between Phnom Penh capital city, city, provinces of the country and other states’ cities.

China's progress in poverty reduction over the last 25 years is enviable. One cannot fail to be impressed by what this vast nation of 1.3 billion people has achieved in so little time. In terms of a wide range of indicators, the progress has been remarkable. Poverty in terms of income and consumption has been dramatically reduced. Progress has also been substantial in terms of human development indicators. Most of the millennium development goals have either already been achieved or the country is well on the way to achieving them.

The main objective of the Country Environmental Analysis (CEA) in Nepal is to identify opportunities for enhancing the overall performance of select environmental management systems through improvements in the effectiveness of institutions, policies, and processes.