The role of market concentration and potential market power exertion in the agri-food industry is a topic of longstanding interest and concern to policymakers, stakeholders, and researchers.
The Guide includes detailed protocols and procedures for evaluating cacao in various forms, such as unroasted cacao bean coarse powder, cacao mass, and chocolate. These methodologies have been developed over several years by a diverse group of experts, enabling objective assessments of cacao quality and flavour.
Rangelands in arid and semi-arid regions serve as grazing land for domesticated animals and therefore offer livelihood opportunities for most pastoral communities.
Indonesia represents an interesting case for analysis of the relationship between multi-level governance and climate governance for three main reasons. It is a highly decentralized country; it is a major contributor to land-based greenhouse gas emissions; and it is extremely vulnerable to climate change.
While water-energy-food (WEF) Nexus is one of the most important, and widely investigated, environmental topics of our time, previous stock taking efforts possess notable limitations, namely (i) their focus is restricted to research articles, and (ii) there is less focus on nexus permutations that begin with energy and food.
Mapping stakeholders and their potential roles for prevention and reduction of food waste (FW) supports a coherent, coordinated and complementary approach to quantification, causes identification and scaling up of feasible solutions for significant returns on investment.
In combination with political, cultural, and economic factors, issues related to environmental resources and the management of land have played a crucial role in driving conflict in Mindanao. Climatic stressors and shocks are altering food, land, and water systems, and driving important socioeconomic challenges for food security and the stability of rural livelihoods across the Philippines.
There is increasing recognition of the role of Indigenous and local knowledge systems in sustainable land use and conservation practices. However, the evidence base remains fragmented, while local knowledge remains marginalised in many national biodiversity strategies and development plans. This applies to the Tonga people of Zambia and Zimbabwe.
For over a decade, rural Lao households have been undergoing a transformation from subsistence-oriented production systems to agricultural commercialization, facilitated by a series of Lao government policies opening the economy to international markets coupled with improved connectivity.
Enhanced women's empowerment has been linked to improvements in various areas of women's lives, such as in creased access to resources, decision-making power, and a manageable workload. It can also have positive effects on child health out comes, including nutritional status and early childhood development.
In irrigated rice fields, plant-mediated transfer of CH4 from submerged soils to the atmosphere
raise the possibility of genotypic differences in CH4 emissions. Previous research has been
contradictory, and varietal differences in rice CH4 emissions in Latin America have not been
examined. A field experiment in Colombia tested whether irrigated rice emissions might be
The energy landscape for irrigation in South Asia, has been rapidly changing with the installation of electric pumps. However, there is limited information on the changing energy irrigation nexus in Bangladesh.