En 1995 se creó una comisión vecinal de sin tierras para representar a 200 familias; esto duró 5 años. Sin respuestas, se inició la ocupación de una propiedad privada. En ese tiempo fueron desalojados 5 veces y perseguidos los ocupantes. En 2000, después de una larga movilización se logró firmar un acuerdo para adjudicarse la tierra.

300 familias del corregimiento de Guáimaro que acceden colectivamente a la tierra, luego de ser víctimas de desplazamiento forzado a causa del paramilitarismo y que en un segundo momento, al retornar a su tierra, se enfrentaron con un proceso de desconocimiento y vicio institucional en lo concerniente al proceso de restitución de tierras.

This history illustrates a number of
themes encountered in Swaziland that faces developing
countries and their external partners in Africa and beyond.
Firstly, the history relates the experience of a small and
comparatively insular country in addressing complex
challenges deriving from rapid urbanization and, as a
result, the growing need to adapt governance systems and
structures. A second key issue is the challenge that small

Urban areas tend to have much more
productive labor and higher salaries than rural areas, and
there are vast differences across urban areas. Areas with
high salaries and high productivity tend to have employers
that invest in much more research and development than areas
with low salaries and low productivity. This paper addresses
two questions. First, it discusses the causes of these vast
geographical differences in wages, human capital, and

The first paper of this section
(Durand-Laserve) documents how increasing pressures on urban
land and the 'commodification' of shelter and
settlement has increased 'market evictions' of
families holding intermediate tide to property, although
international declarations and pressures have contributed to
reducing 'forced evictions.' The second paper
(Mooya and Cloete) uses the tools of the New Institutional

The accumulation of decent housing matters both because of the difference it makes to living standards and because of its centrality to economic development. The consequences for living standards are far-reaching. In addition to directly conferring utility, decent housing improves health and enables children to do homework. It frees up women's time and enables them to participate in the labor market. More subtly, a home and its environs affect identity and self-respect.

The great 21st-century migration into cities will present both a great challenge for humanity and a significant opportunity for global economic growth. This paper describes the diverse patterns that define this metropolitan migration. It then lays out a framework for understanding the costs and benefits of new arrivals through migration's externalities and the challenges and policy tradeoffs that confront city stakeholders.

El asentamiento Arsenio Vásquez es fruto de una ocupación masiva de familias locales de la Federación Nacional Campesina y la regularización se dio a través de un acuerdo firmado entre la organización nacional y el Estado paraguayo en 2004. Se trata de una propiedad común donde las familias locales no tienen títulos individuales, pero sí documentos que respaldan la ocupación de sus fincas.

Se trata de un caso donde 10 familias migran, ocupan y acceden, vía adjudicación estatal, a tierras incautadas al narcotráfico, con perspectivas actuales de producción familiar, agroecología y agroforestería.

El Barrio de Ykua Porâ en Chino Cue, Paraguay, es una extensa comunidad campesina generada a partir de una ocupación colectiva pionera. Unas 60 familias forman parte de la asociación de productores y productoras. La tenencia de la tierra es familiar. Cada familia porta un título provisorio emitido en 2010 por el INDERT, que les permite hacer gestiones ante instituciones estatales y privadas.

The great 21st-century migration into
cities will present both a great challenge for humanity and
a significant opportunity for global economic growth. This
paper describes the diverse patterns that define this
metropolitan migration. It then lays out a framework for
understanding the costs and benefits of new arrivals through
migration's externalities and the challenges and policy
tradeoffs that confront city stakeholders. The paper

The accumulation of decent housing
matters both because of the difference it makes to living
standards and because of its centrality to economic
development. The consequences for living standards are
far-reaching. In addition to directly conferring utility,
decent housing improves health and enables children to do
homework. It frees up women's time and enables them to
participate in the labor market. More subtly, a home and its