Nowadays, as a result of economic and social reasons, people decide to live in big cities and this situation causes great population growth. Depending on this growth, green fields which have multi functions that increasingly remains insufficent.

G�n�m�zde gerek sosyal gerekse ekonomik nedenlerden dolay� kentlerde ya�am tercih edilmekte ve bu durum kentlerin n�fusunu giderek artt�rmaktad�r. Bu art��a ba�l� olarak kentlerdeki; �ok y�nl� i�levleri bulunan aktif ye�il alanlar giderek yetersiz kalmaktad�r.

Forest is an important natural resource to the Latvian economy. It is useful to examine the historical context to estimate objectively the events that created the structure of forest property rights today. While 50.3% of all Latvian forests are state-owned and the remaining 49.7% are under different ownership, historically this structure has changed with the political situation and the authorities.

Conservation easements (or conservation covenants) are commonly conceptualized as acquisitions of sticks in a ‘bundle of rights’ and are increasingly implemented for wildlife conservation on private lands. This research asks: (1) What are the possibilities and limitations of the conservation easement approach to wildlife conservation in contrasting rural and periurban regions? and (2) How does analysis of conservation easements differ when examining property as a bundle of rights or alternative metaphors?

Climate change represents a fundamental challenge to the sustainability of Africa‘s growth momentum. It is imperative therefore that African countries invest in mechanisms that would mainstream climate change into their development strategies to stave off its possible negative impacts.

During 2012, a key choice facing developing countries revealed itself ever more starkly. Would they choose a development path built on inclusiveness, respect for the rights of their citizens, and the rule of law? Or would they seek a short-cut to development and opt to hand over community land and natural resources to international investors and national elites? Would they turn their rural citizens from landowners into landless laborers?