Vulnerability assessment of Mediterranean forest ecosystem to climate change impacts on Quercus ceris L. var. pseudo-cerris (Boiss.) Boiss Quercus calliprinos Webb. and Pinus brutia Ten. populations
Located in the Keserwan-Jbeil region of Lebanon, the Jabal Moussa Biosphere Reserve (N 34º 03’ 43.93”, E 35º 46’ 09.84”) is bordered by the Nahr Ibrahim river to the north and the Nahr el Dahab river to the south. The area of the reserve is approximately 6 500 ha large and the range of altitudes (350 to 1 600 m) is responsible for a wide variety of habitats. A typical Mediterranean ecosystem is located within the reserve, where evergreen sclerophylic shrubs and forests are the most common type of vegetation spread on karstic landscapes and steep slopes.