Irrigation systems consist of three interdependent components involving: the irrigation scheme, the on-farm management and the organizations. The irrigation scheme refers to the infrastructure for water acquisition and distribution (water delivery). This study focused on water delivery performance of 10 smallholders irrigation schemes in four regions of Ethiopia, representing diverse water sources, distribution systems, command areas (50–6000 ha) and number of beneficiary farmers (233–500 farm households) and across agro-ecologies as represented by elevation ranges (1500–2725 masl).

Urban sanitation remains a significant challenge for most low- and middle-income countries. While sanitation coverage has been increasing across both the 48 least developed countries (LDCs) and developing regions as a whole, progress has been relatively slow. In many cities, even where improved on-site facilities are used to contain excreta, the level of quality and access to services for the emptying, conveyance, treatment, and disposal of the resulting fecal sludge is usually limited. These services are collectively called fecal sludge management (FSM) services.

These are the prepared remarks
of Robert S. McNamara, President of the World
Bank, International Finance Corporation, and the International Development Association (IDA). He declares that our common enterprise is to drive back poverty, to lift living standards and to enhance the dignity of man. The Bank intends to lend twice as much in the next five years as in the previous five. He discusses the Bank’s lending in Asia. He discusses new geographical accents. The Bank and IDA are now

The focus of this review has been on both documenting the general resilience of many fish resources to climatic variability and its underestimation in livelihood importance, including in protracted crisis situations, but also on enhancing the potential supply of fish from dryland areas by better use of the available water bodies, and in particular from small reservoirs.

The project aims at improving food security and reducing rural poverty of smallholder farmers through providing guidance and technical support to enhance the quality, impact and sustainability of Agricultural Water Management (AWM) investments. Water is crucial to economies and to livelihoods and is central for poverty reduction. Sufficient availability and reliable access to water is commonly a constraint, not only to food production, but also to social and economic development and sustainability. Water plays a pivotal role around which other interventions can be organized.

Ce projet vise à améliorer la sécurité alimentaire et á réduire la pauvreté rurale des petits agriculteurs en fournissant des conseils et un soutien technique pour améliorer la qualité, l'impact et la durabilité des investissements dans le cadre de la gestion de l’eau à usage agricole (GEA). L’eau est essentielle au développement économique et comme moyen d’existence et joue un rôle central dans la réduction de la pauvreté rurale.

This paper presents the results of a follow-up project in Algeria and Tunisia on the development of gender-sensitive indicators related to the role of women in agricultural water management. The paper summarizes the results of the “Phase 1” project, then presents the results of two studies conducted in Algeria and Tunisia on institutional level actors dealing with agricultural water management and national-level sex-disaggregated data.

The absence of a clearly defined land use policy in Kenya after years of independence has resulted in a haphazard approach to managing the different land use practices and policy responses. Land use continues to be addressed through many uncoordinated legal and policy frameworks that have done little to unravel the many issues that affect land use management. The Constitution of Kenya 2010, Kenya Vision 2030 and the Sessional Paper No. 3 of 2009 on National Land Policy all call for a clear framework for effectively addressing the challenges related to land use.

Irrigation systems cannot en sure the equitable distribution of water among users and sustainable operation and maintenance of the schemes without capable irrigation institutions. In Ethiopia, traditional institutions have emerged with the expansion of traditional irrigation schemes and most of them were established and operated on the initiative of the farmers. These often have very limited financial and technical capacities. Current trends show that developing infrastructure is the major concern in irrigation development efforts.

Background

Excessive rainwater during the rainy season and lack of water in the dry season have been challenging the agricultural productivity and food security for rural communities in southern Mali. Various soil and water conservation practices were implemented in the past to improve crop yields and income, and reverse the effect of land degradation. However, none of these efforts looked into the potential use of shallow wells at a spatial scale to improve the agricultural productivity and hence the food security in the region.

Results

This paper presents the first basin-wide
assessment of the potential impact of climate change on the
hydrology and production of the Ganges system, undertaken as
part of the World Bank’s Ganges Strategic Basin Assessment.
A series of modeling efforts, downscaling of climate
projections, water balance calculations, hydrological
simulation and economic optimization, inform the assessment.
The authors find that projections of precipitation across

This Issues Paper, requested by the former Ministry of Water Resources Development and
Management as a recommendation of the National Water Policy (NWP), will contribute to the National Climate Change
Response Strategy (NCCRS) by examining
opportunities for adaptation to climate change in the water resources sector, using both
structural and non-structural measures. It uses models to provide preliminary estimates of the
possible impacts of climate change in 2050 and 2080 on these water resources. A number of