The Bonn Challenge is a global effort to bring 150 million hectares (Mha) into restoration by 2020 and 350 Mha by 2030. Underlying the Bonn Challenge is the forest landscape restoration (FLR) approach. The Bonn Challenge is a voluntary, non-binding initiative launched to advance the restoration movement and in recognition of the importance of forest landscape restoration for meeting national priorities and international commitments. To date 47 contributors have pledged more than 160 Mha to the Bonn Challenge.

Forest landscape restoration (FLR) provides an opportunity to transform degraded lands into productive landscapes that yield numerous ecological, economic, and social benefits. Many countries have made large-scale commitments under the Bonn Challenge, a global effort to bring 150 million hectares of degraded and deforested land into restoration by 2020 and 350 million hectares by 2030. Achieving this commitment requires decision-makers to address the diverse ecological, sociopolitical, and economic factors that impact restoration efforts at different scales.

The Restoration Opportunities Assessment Methodology (ROAM)1 was developed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and the World Resources Institute (WRI) to assist countries in identifying opportunities for forest landscape restoration (FLR), analysing priority areas at a national or sub-national level, and designing and implementing FLR interventions. FLR is the long-term process of regaining ecological functionality and enhancing human well-being across deforested or degraded forest landscapes.

Ecological restoration is a suitable tool to revert land degradation in semiarid areas. Social participation is increasingly considered as a guarantee for the long-term success and sustainability of restoration projects. In rural areas of North African countries, experiences of participatory restoration are still not frequent, and poverty and illiteracy with top-down approaches boost land-use conflicts and raise skepticism toward restoration programs.

This guide aims to assist non-lawyers to better understand investment contracts that concern forestry projects. These "forestry contracts" can be complex, and some provisions may be difficult to understand. This guide aims to assist the reader in understanding technical provisions found in these contracts, by providing explanations for common provisions, as well as a glossary of certain legal and technical terms.

This resource is part of the CCSI’s Directory of Community Guidance on Agreements Relating to Agriculture or Forestry Investment.

Aesthetics is the philosophical study of art and natural beauty and it is indicated by the feelings of pleasure or displeasure which comes from visual and aural elements and artefacts Hence aesthetics depends on the animate or inanimate organization which can be perceived either subjectively or objectively This aesthetic element is uniquely present in the traditional buildings and modern buildings of the southwestern part of Nigeria This study is set out to evaluate and bring into limelight the aesthetic characteristics of traditional buildings and that of the modern buildings how one style

Considering the threedimensional process of sustainability physical economical and social the aim of conservation for making historic urban environment sustainable should be matched with these dimensions Therefore earlier conservation policies have progressed from a simple and restrictive concern with preservation to an increased concern for revitalization and enhancement This means a physical revitalization may be shortlived and unsustained Within the process of revitalization historic environments become the main locations of gentrification induced by urban revitalization which may involv

This research was carried out in a dense tropical forest region with the objective of improving the biomass estimates by a combination of ALOS-2 SAR, Landsat 8 optical, and field plots data. Using forest inventory based biomass data, the performance of different parameters from the two sensors was evaluated. The regression analysis with the biomass data showed that the backscatter from forest object (σ°forest) obtained from the SAR data was more sensitive to the biomass than HV polarization, SAR textures, and maximum NDVI parameters.

Assessment of the progress of the Aichi Biodiversity Targets set by the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the safeguarding of ecosystems from the perverse negative impacts caused by Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation Plus (REDD+) requires the development of spatiotemporally robust and sensitive indicators of biodiversity and ecosystem health. Recently, it has been proposed that tree-community composition based on count-plot surveys could serve as a robust, sensitive, and cost-effective indicator for forest intactness in Bornean logged-over rain forests.

Land cover and forest mapping supports decision makers in the course of making informed decisions for implementation of sustainable conservation and management plans of the forest resources and environmental monitoring. This research examines the value of integrating of ALOS PALSAR and Landsat data for improved forest and land cover mapping in Northern Tanzania.