This chapter investigated threats of statutory tenure on customary land. The study was primarily qualitative in nature and adopted a case study approach. Using evidence from Chamuka Chiefdom in Chisamba District, Central Province, the paper concludes that there are various threats of statutory tenure on customary land. These include traditional leaders losing control over land, displacements, land disputes, investors acquire more land than what is demarcated to them by traditional leaders, traditional leaders’ not consulting their community members, corruption, and tenure insecurity.

Normative guidelines for addressing project-induced displacement and resettlement have been successful in coercing companies and practitioners to comply with international standards and local requirements. However, good practice has not always been effectively implemented, leading to reduced social wellbeing of people in local communities. We assess how the reciprocal relationships between institutional norms and practitioners’ situated perspectives about company-community interactions can improve social management practice.

The recent spate of violence mostly in north-central and southern Nigeria, typically credited to conflicts between herders and farmers, and the reactions, narratives, and representations that have attended them, calls for an examination of core security questions: who or what is to be secured, from what threat and by what means. In fact, it could be further contextualized as: how is the conflict between farmers and herders constructed, framed, and represented as (in)security within the Nigerian context?

Concerns over food insecurity in developing countries are reflected in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to end hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture by 2030. Given that land plays an important role in the livelihoods of most people in developing countries, food security and poverty reduction cannot be achieved unless issues of access to land, security of tenure, and the capacity to use land productively and in a sustainable manner are addressed.

The Support to Responsible Agricultural Investments project (S2RAI) promotes internationally recognised principles and guidelines such as the Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests (VGGT), and Responsible Agricultural Investment (RAI) to ensure food security and secure land tenure rights for communities in the context of large-scale commercial land investment as well as strengthen the institutional frameworks and coordination structures at federal and regional levels in relations to responsible agricultural investment in Ethiopia.

Entre los grupos de personas defensoras más vulnerables, este documento se centra en dos de los reciben el mayor número de ataques en la actualidad: las y los operadores de justicia y quienes de enden la tierra y el territorio. La expulsión del comisionado Iván Velásquez y del organismo que presidía, la Comisión Internacional contra la Corrupción y la Impunidad de Guatemala (CICIG), supuso un duro golpe al sistema de justicia y es una muestra clara de la regresión que se vive en el país.

En 2018, Global Witness encontró que Guatemala experimentó el aumento más alto en el número de asesinatos de defensores de la tierra y el medio ambiente. Sólo el año pasado, el presidente del capítulo de la aldea del Comité de Desarrollo Campesino (CODECA), una organización nacional de movimientos sociales liderada por los indígenas que trabaja por los derechos a la

tierra, fue asesinado, así como cuatro de sus colegas de CODECA. Muchos de estos asesinatos ocurrieron en el

In 2018, Global Witness found that Guatemala had experienced the highest increase in the number of murders of land and environmental defenders of any country in the world. Last year alone, the president of the village chapter of the Comité de Desarrollo Campesino (CODECA), a national organization of social movements led by indigenous people who work for the recognition of land rights, was murdered, as well as four of his colleagues. Many of these murders occurred in the municipality of Izabal.

With the current population of 40 million and 213 inhabitants per km², Uganda is one of the most densely populated countries in Africa. Yet land is a fixed asset. Of all the land in Uganda, approximately 80% of the land area is administered under customary tenure system and approximately 5% only is titled under Mailo, leasehold and freehold tenure. There is a high amount of tenure insecurity in major parts of the population, as the land legislation is not well−known among the rural smallholder farmers.

Uganda   has  been  struggling  to  maintain   a conventional (European-type) land administration system for a long time  but has faced many  challenges   including  lack of funding, inadequate skill force and long- winded procedures. Up to present, the country has only managed to record less than 20 per cent of the land rights. Similar circumstances can be found in many countries in the world. An often-cited estimate indicates that seventy percent of the world´s population is lacking security of tenure.

Land in Uganda is a delicate resource that has caused many conflicts over the past years. About 80% of pending court cases in the country relate to land today. Looking at the country’s violent history, a rising population and increasing impact of climate change on agriculture productivity, land rights in Uganda are contested to this day. Land conflicts are either within communities, family structures or between individuals and external players such as investors.