The concept of adaptive social protection has evolved over the past two decades, and examples of practice point to significant potential for accelerating the interconnection between social protection mechanisms and climate-smart practices and adaption. However, there is a lack of evidence on how actual practices can and should change, and on resilience outcomes.

In many low- and middle-income countries, sewage sludge generated from wastewater treatment systems has potential environmental and health hazards. To tackle this challenge, there is a need for innovative options given the increasing concerns and policies restricting sewage sludge dumping in landfills and elsewhere, and a growing awareness about the resource value of sludge within a circular economy.

This document synthesizes key impact pathways for adaptations in agriculture sectors. Recognizing the evolving nature of climate-related risks, it serves a crucial role in assisting practitioners, researchers, and users in navigating the extensive array of possibilities within agricultural adaptation. Given the overwhelming number of potential pathways, this guide aims to lower the entry barrier by providing generic frameworks.

Although livelihoods within agrifood systems (AFS) are generally vulnerable to the impacts of climate
change, women bear a disproportionate burden from rising climatic stressors. In agrarian regions in
the Global South, women face unique and intersectional vulnerabilities that limit their voice in
governance and decision-making processes. This, in turn, impedes their ability to participate in and
benefit from the food system. Addressing these vulnerabilities is crucial for promoting women's

Women are vulnerable to adverse climate change impacts and their active involvement and decision-making in
the climate change and agrifood governance is limited, especially in the Global South. New research based on a
strategic review of literature conducted as part of CGIAR research initiative HER+: Harnessing gender and social
equality for resilience in agrifood systems indicate that public policies are vital instruments towards improving
women’s participation in climate change governance and enhancing their resilience.

Germplasm exchange from international genebanks and breeding programs is vital for successful crop improvement programs. More than 10,000 different accessions of wheat, barley, lentil, faba bean, chickpea, grasspea, and pasture and forage crops are distributed by the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) every year to around 70 countries. New accessions are added to the germplasm collections in the Center's genebank and utilized in the breeding programs.

This Info Note reports on the Climate Security Sensitivity Tool (CSST) case study application for the Mercy Corps' Regional Livestock Program in Eastern Africa. It highlights the recommendations formulated by the CSST for the implementation of this transboundary project bridging Kenya, Somalia and Ethiopia and reports on the practitioners’ feedback on these results.

For the 1.5 billion people living in fragile and conflict-affected settings,
livelihood challenges are compounded by climate change, unsustainable
resource consumption, poor governance, and weak social cohesion. In
Mozambique, a significant 45% of its inhabitants live below the poverty line,
and a staggering 80% rely on subsistence agriculture, a sector highly
susceptible to climate change. Socio-ecological risks have therefore become
increasingly prevalent along with environmental degradation and conflict.

This document explains ongoing activities and preliminary plans for the establishment of a
multipurpose innovation hub at the WorldFish Nusatupe Research Station in Western Province,
Solomon Islands.The innovation hub concept responds to national demand for a facility to convene research, training and services with national and provincial partners.

The highlands of North Shoa in Amhara region are dominated by cereals (wheat, barley and tef) followed by food legumes. The productivity of cereals and food legumes is low due to biotic and abiotic factors as well as insufficient input supplies like planting materials and other inputs. Farmers are trying to include vegetatively propagated horticultural crops (tubers, bulbs, and fruit trees) into the farming systems. Horticultural crops are very important to diversify diets, incomes and reduce risks of cereal and legume crop production.

Soil salinity and sodicity problems are one of the major challenges to the permanence of irrigated agriculture in Ethiopia. This manuscript, therefore, concerns its spatial and temporal variation under irrigated fields and suggests possible management options. For this investigation, eight monitoring locations were selected based on the irrigation intensity that farmers practised in the area. With each location, three irrigated farmers' fields were randomly selected for sampling purposes. Likewise, six farmers' fields from the rain-fed system were also selected for comparison purposes.