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This paper explores the concept of benefit sharing in natural resources exploitation in Kenya. The author argues that benefit sharing should be interpreted in its various forms, namely monetary and non-monetary since a narrower conception is likely to create confusion, potential conflict between investors and local communities as well as diminished hopes of improving the livelihoods of communities. The paper highlights the international best practices in the area of benefits sharing in natural resources exploitation and briefly looks at Nigeria and Ghana to draw lessons on the likely effects of mismanagement of natural resources. The author gives viable suggestions on some of the ways that Kenya can ensure that communities reap maximum benefits from exploitation of natural resources, including the recently discovered oil in the Northern part of the country.