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Displaying 376 - 380 of 1195GIS-based model to analyze the spatial and temporal development of oil palm land use in Kuala Langat district, Malaysia
In Malaysia, areas under oil palm plantations have increased dramatically since the early twentieth century and have resulted in multiple conversions of land change. This paper presents a spatial and temporal model for simulation of oil palm expansion in the Kuala Langat district, Malaysia. The model is an integration of cellular automata (CA), multi-criteria evaluation (MCE), and Markov chain (MC) analysis while MCE provides transition rules of CA iterations and MC analysis assigns a transition probability to each single pixel at the time steps.
Space and time dynamics of urban water demand in Portland, Oregon and Phoenix, Arizona
Critical to effective urban climate adaptation is a clearer understanding of the sensitivities of resource demand to changing climatic conditions and land cover situations. We used Bayesian Maximum Entropy (BME) stochastic procedures to estimate temperature and precipitation at the very small scale of urban Census Block Groups (CBGs) in Phoenix, Arizona and Portland, Oregon, and then compared average household water use patterns by climate conditions and land cover characteristics between and within the two cities.
Effects of groundwater level variations on the nitrate content of groundwater: a case study in Luoyang area, China
Most researchers usually adopt laboratory experimental methods when studying the effects of water level variations on the concentrations of pollutants. In this study, the data from routine monitoring sites in the city of Luoyang, China, are collected and analyzed to verify the results of previous laboratory experiments and to examine whether variations in the water level affect the concentration of pollutants in different locations, particularly that of nitrates. Statistical studies conducted between 2007 and 2011 show a significant variation in the groundwater depth in the Luoyang area.
Plant Functional Types and Traits as Biodiversity Indicators for Tropical Forests
Multi-taxon surveys were conducted in species-rich, lowland palaeotropical and neotropical forested landscapes in Sumatra, Indonesia and Mato Grosso, Brazil. Gradient-directed transects (gradsects) were sampled across a range of forested land use mosaics, using a uniform protocol to simultaneously record vegetation (vascular plant species, plant functional types (PFTs) and vegetation structure), vertebrates (birds, mammals) and invertebrates (termites), in addition to measuring site and soil properties, including carbon stocks.
A New Scenario Framework for Climate Change Research
The new scenario framework facilitates the coupling of multiple socioeconomic reference pathways with climate model products using the representative concentration pathways. This will allow for improved assessment of climate impacts, adaptation and mitigation. Assumptions about climate policy play a major role in linking socioeconomic futures with forcing and climate outcomes. The paper presents the concept of shared climate policy assumptions as an important element of the new scenario framework.