This article explores deforestation and reforestation dynamics over 415,749 hectares of 25 titled Indigenous Community Lands (ICLs) in the Peruvian Amazon over forty years at three scales: total area, regions, and communities. We focus on ICLs as the territorial unit of analysis, as they are increasingly discussed regarding their importance for conservation. Additionally indigenous communities (ICs) are a too-marginalized group in the Amazon that merit more attention. Analyses of this kind are often short-term and use only large-scale Earth Observation methodologies.

Research on the contribution of forests to local livelihoods has so far had a strong focus on quantifying the monetary value of forest-derived products and services. In this paper, we move beyond monetary valuation and integrate the less tangible and sometimes culturally complex dimensions through which forests support local livelihoods. We look at four local contexts in the Brazilian, Bolivian and Ecuadorian Amazon, which differ markedly in terms of their biophysical, sociocultural and geopolitical settings.

Effects of exclosures on restoring degraded lands may vary with soil type, exclosure age, and conditions before the establishment of exclosures. Yet, studies investigating the effectiveness of exclosures in restoring degraded lands under different environmental conditions are lacking. This study aims at investigating the changes in woody species richness and diversity, and ecosystem carbon stocks after implementing exclosures in the Central Rift Valley, Ethiopia.

Tropical peatlands are one of the largest natural sources of atmospheric methane (CH4) and play a significant role in regional and global carbon budgets. However, large uncertainties persist regarding their feedbacks to climate variations. The Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) Land Model (ELM) is an ongoing state-of-the-science model, which has developed new representations of soil hydrology and biogeochemistry and includes a new microbial-functional-group-based CH4 module.

The production of quality and vigorous seedlings is important for sustainable cocoa production. A greenhouse nursery study was conducted in 2019/2020 at CRIG to assess the effects of foliar fertilizer application and fertigation on soil chemical properties, nutrient uptake and growth of cocoa seedlings. The study was 4x3 factorial experiment, laid out in completely randomized design with 13 treatments and three replicates. Two liquid fertilizers (NPK 24:17:18 and NPK 10:10:10) and two granular fertilizers (ammonium sulphate and calcium nitrate) were applied at 42, 84 and 126 mg N per pot.

What happens to local institutional arrangements regarding access and use of communal land under the forces of
agricultural commercialization? Taking Khwaykham village in Phongsaly province, Laos as a case study, this
paper sheds light on this question as farm households in the settlement have progressively transitioned to
commercial farming, specifically tea cultivation. Traditionally, farm households’ access and rights to use the land
were embedded in their swidden agriculture practices. The adoption of tea has increasingly fixed land use rights,

Rice is a vital food crop in Tanzania, both for household consumption and commercial retail. Contract farming is an important agricultural tool through which farmers and larger investors are linked to increase production and quality of crops, benefiting both the farmers and investors. This chapter uses the relational model to look at the relationships in two rice contract farming schemes in Tanzania: Kapunga Rice Plantation Limited and Mtenda Kyela Rice Supply. The empirical data is from household surveys and interviews from the Mbeya region in 2015.

Deltas have provided fertile farmland, productive fishing, and access to trade routes for millennia. Today, more than five hundred million people live on deltas and coastal urban areas. Yet deltas are also incredibly vulnerable to the pressures of climate change. This Voices asks: what are the opportunities and barriers to adaptation for delta communities facing unprecedented change in the coming years?