Founded in the 12th century, the Principality of Muscovy was able to emerge from over 200 years of Mongol domination (13th-15th centuries) and to gradually conquer and absorb surrounding principalities. In the early 17th century, a new ROMANOV Dynasty continued this policy of expansion across Siberia to the Pacific. Under PETER I (ruled 1682-1725), hegemony was extended to the Baltic Sea and the country was renamed the Russian Empire. During the 19th century, more territorial acquisitions were made in Europe and Asia. Defeat in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05 contributed to the Revolution of 1905, which resulted in the formation of a parliament and other reforms. Repeated devastating defeats of the Russian army in World War I led to widespread rioting in the major cities of the Russian Empire and to the overthrow in 1917 of the imperial household. The communists under Vladimir LENIN seized power soon after and formed the USSR. The brutal rule of Iosif STALIN (1928-53) strengthened communist rule and Russian dominance of the Soviet Union at a cost of tens of millions of lives. After defeating Germany in World War II as part of an alliance with the US (1939-1945), the USSR expanded its territory and influence in Eastern Europe and emerged as a global power. The USSR was the principal adversary of the US during the Cold War (1947-1991). The Soviet economy and society stagnated in the decades following Stalin’s rule, until General Secretary Mikhail GORBACHEV (1985-91) introduced glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring) in an attempt to modernize communism, but his initiatives inadvertently released forces that by December 1991 splintered the USSR into Russia and 14 other independent republics.
Following economic and political turmoil during President Boris YELTSIN's term (1991-99), Russia shifted toward a centralized authoritarian state under the leadership of President Vladimir PUTIN (2000-2008, 2012-present) in which the regime seeks to legitimize its rule through managed elections, populist appeals, a foreign policy focused on enhancing the country's geopolitical influence, and commodity-based economic growth. Russia faces a largely subdued rebel movement in Chechnya and some other surrounding regions, although violence still occurs throughout the North Caucasus.
Russia is a semi-presidential federation.
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Displaying 826 - 830 of 1046Regional Law No. 405-53 “On minimum land area of land plots subject to cadastre registration”.
This Regional Law determines the modalities of establishment of minimum land plots subject to state cadastre registration that shall be established in accordance with land-use planning regulations.
Regional Law No. 213-41 “On some issues of land relations”.
This Regional Law establishes that agricultural land (including vegetable plots, hayfields, gardens, arable land, pastures) classified as such at the moment of entry into force of this Law can be transferred to other land categories.
Regional Law No. 608-119 “On methodology of calculation of lease fees for public land”.
This Regional Law establishes that amount of lease fee, fixed by land lease contract, shall be established in accordance with the present methodology in accordance with annual lease fee calculation formula set forth by the Regional Government. The amount of land lease fee shall be fixed within two percent of cadastre values of land plots allotted on lease.
Amended by: Regional Law No. 675-131 amending Regional Law No. 608-119 “On methodology of calculation of lease fees for public land”. (2015-11-11)
Regional Law No. 2174-OD amending Regional Law No. 809-OD “On allotment of public and municipal land to citizens free of charge”.
Article 1 shall be amended to add the following wording: “The right to allotment on condition of ownership of public and municipal land free of charge for gardening, horticulture and suburban housing construction shall be granted to multi-child families, foster families growing three and more children (adopted and natural children) residing on the regional territory”.
Amends: Regional Law No. 809-OD “On allotment of public and municipal land to citizens free of charge”. (2009-06-23)
Regional Law No. 2167-OD amending Regional Law No. 855-OD “On turnover of agricultural land”.
Article 8 shall be amended to add the following wording: “In case of transfer of ownership to a land share to other person insertion of modification into land lease contract shall not be requested”.
Amends: Regional Law No. 855-OD “On turnover of agricultural land”. (2014-04-01)