Founded in the 12th century, the Principality of Muscovy was able to emerge from over 200 years of Mongol domination (13th-15th centuries) and to gradually conquer and absorb surrounding principalities. In the early 17th century, a new ROMANOV Dynasty continued this policy of expansion across Siberia to the Pacific. Under PETER I (ruled 1682-1725), hegemony was extended to the Baltic Sea and the country was renamed the Russian Empire. During the 19th century, more territorial acquisitions were made in Europe and Asia. Defeat in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05 contributed to the Revolution of 1905, which resulted in the formation of a parliament and other reforms. Repeated devastating defeats of the Russian army in World War I led to widespread rioting in the major cities of the Russian Empire and to the overthrow in 1917 of the imperial household. The communists under Vladimir LENIN seized power soon after and formed the USSR. The brutal rule of Iosif STALIN (1928-53) strengthened communist rule and Russian dominance of the Soviet Union at a cost of tens of millions of lives. After defeating Germany in World War II as part of an alliance with the US (1939-1945), the USSR expanded its territory and influence in Eastern Europe and emerged as a global power. The USSR was the principal adversary of the US during the Cold War (1947-1991). The Soviet economy and society stagnated in the decades following Stalin’s rule, until General Secretary Mikhail GORBACHEV (1985-91) introduced glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring) in an attempt to modernize communism, but his initiatives inadvertently released forces that by December 1991 splintered the USSR into Russia and 14 other independent republics.
Following economic and political turmoil during President Boris YELTSIN's term (1991-99), Russia shifted toward a centralized authoritarian state under the leadership of President Vladimir PUTIN (2000-2008, 2012-present) in which the regime seeks to legitimize its rule through managed elections, populist appeals, a foreign policy focused on enhancing the country's geopolitical influence, and commodity-based economic growth. Russia faces a largely subdued rebel movement in Chechnya and some other surrounding regions, although violence still occurs throughout the North Caucasus.
Russia is a semi-presidential federation.
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Displaying 851 - 855 of 1046Regional Law No. 139-OZ “On allocation of land parcels in ownership to citizens free of charge”.
This Regional Law establishes the modalities of allocation of parcels of public land to citizens free of charge for gardening, horticulture and stockbreeding, and establishes minimum and maximum land area of the aforesaid parcels. It establishes that regional resident – natural person that has never had nor has parcel of agricultural land in ownership for subsistence farming, gardening or horticulture, shall be granted the right to receive in ownership a land parcel for each of the aforesaid purposes once-only.
Regional Law No. 159 “On regulation of land tenure”.
This Regional Law establishes that in case of institution, reformation of business partnerships and companies, increase of authorized capital and other transactions involving deposits in the form of land share contribution in the form of land share shall be subject to mandatory monetary valuation.
Regional Law No. 63/2011-OZ amending Regional Law No. 7/2008-OZ “On some issues of legal regulation of land relations”.
Article 16 shall be amended to add the following wording: “Minimum land area of drained agricultural land shall be 0,9ha. The aforesaid land parcel shall be consolidated with the consideration of technological scheme of drainage system with a view of purposeful use thereof”.
Amends: Regional Law No. 7/2008-OZ “On some issues of legal regulation of land relations”. (2009-06-04)
Regional Law No. 43/2011-OZ amending Regional Law No. 7/2008-OZ “On some issues of legal regulation of land relations”.
Article 19 shall be amended to add the following wording: “Official data related to transactions with agricultural land shall be subject to mandatory regular publication in “Compendium of regional laws and legislative acts” and in public print media instituted by local government in which territory land parcel is located”.
Amends: Regional Law No. 7/2008-OZ “On some issues of legal regulation of land relations”. (2009-06-04)
Regional Law No. 40/2011-OZ amending Regional Law No. 7/2008-OZ “On some issues of legal regulation of land relations”.
Article 1 shall be amended to add the following wording: “Multi-child families, with three or more children of 18 to 23 years of age living in rural areas plots of public land shall be granted free of charge for individual housing construction, gardening, horticulture and subsistence farming on conditions that the aforesaid children are studying in general educational institutions attending full-time course of studies”.
Amends: Regional Law No. 7/2008-OZ “On some issues of legal regulation of land relations”. (2009-06-04)