Founded in the 12th century, the Principality of Muscovy was able to emerge from over 200 years of Mongol domination (13th-15th centuries) and to gradually conquer and absorb surrounding principalities. In the early 17th century, a new ROMANOV Dynasty continued this policy of expansion across Siberia to the Pacific. Under PETER I (ruled 1682-1725), hegemony was extended to the Baltic Sea and the country was renamed the Russian Empire. During the 19th century, more territorial acquisitions were made in Europe and Asia. Defeat in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05 contributed to the Revolution of 1905, which resulted in the formation of a parliament and other reforms. Repeated devastating defeats of the Russian army in World War I led to widespread rioting in the major cities of the Russian Empire and to the overthrow in 1917 of the imperial household. The communists under Vladimir LENIN seized power soon after and formed the USSR. The brutal rule of Iosif STALIN (1928-53) strengthened communist rule and Russian dominance of the Soviet Union at a cost of tens of millions of lives. After defeating Germany in World War II as part of an alliance with the US (1939-1945), the USSR expanded its territory and influence in Eastern Europe and emerged as a global power. The USSR was the principal adversary of the US during the Cold War (1947-1991). The Soviet economy and society stagnated in the decades following Stalin’s rule, until General Secretary Mikhail GORBACHEV (1985-91) introduced glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring) in an attempt to modernize communism, but his initiatives inadvertently released forces that by December 1991 splintered the USSR into Russia and 14 other independent republics.
Following economic and political turmoil during President Boris YELTSIN's term (1991-99), Russia shifted toward a centralized authoritarian state under the leadership of President Vladimir PUTIN (2000-2008, 2012-present) in which the regime seeks to legitimize its rule through managed elections, populist appeals, a foreign policy focused on enhancing the country's geopolitical influence, and commodity-based economic growth. Russia faces a largely subdued rebel movement in Chechnya and some other surrounding regions, although violence still occurs throughout the North Caucasus.
Russia is a semi-presidential federation.
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Displaying 856 - 860 of 1046Regional Law No. 73 “On allocation of land parcels in ownership to citizens free of charge”.
This Regional Law establishes the modalities of allocation of parcels of public land to citizens free of charge for farming, gardening, horticulture and stockbreeding, and establishes minimum and maximum land area of the aforesaid parcels. It establishes that regional resident – natural person that has never had nor has parcel of agricultural land in ownership for subsistence farming, gardening or horticulture, shall be granted the right to receive in ownership a land parcel for each of the aforesaid purposes once-only.
Regional Law No. 193-24-OZ “On maximum and minimum land area of the plots of land allotted to citizens”.
This Regional Law establishes maximum and minimum land area of the plots of public or municipal land allotted to citizens in ownership for farming, gardening, horticulture, stockbreeding, subsidiary smallholding and individual housing construction. Total land area of agricultural land that can be owned or held in tenancy or lease by citizens carrying out subsistence farming and subsidiary smallholding shall not exceed 10 hectares.
Regional Law No. 132-10-OZ “On regulation of relations in the sphere of conservation, management, promotion and state protection of the objects of cultural heritage.
The scope of this Regional Law shall be conservation, management, promotion and state protection of the objects of cultural heritage. Objects of cultural heritage shall be covered by conservation pledge agreement signed by manager of the objects of cultural heritage. Boundaries of the reserve containing objects of cultural heritage shall be mapped in-situ.
Regional Law No. 94/2005-OZ “On objects of cultural heritage”.
This Regional Law regulates relations in the sphere of conservation, promotion and state protection of the objects of cultural heritage. It establishes in areas adjacent to the objects of cultural heritage the following protection zones shall be set: (a) protection zone; (b) zone of restricted economic activities; and (c) zone of protected landscape. Restriction on movement of motor vehicles shall be imposed in the area of location of the objects of cultural heritage and within protection zones.
Regional Law No. 427-28-OZ amending Regional Law No. 132-10-OZ “On regulation of relations in the sphere of conservation, management, promotion and state protection of the objects of cultural heritage.
Article 4 shall be amended to add the following wording: “Authorized regional state institution in the sphere of cultural heritage shall carry out state registration thereof, historical and cultural expertise, elaboration of areas of cultural heritage and mapping of the boundaries thereof”.
Amends: Regional Law No. 132-10-OZ “On regulation of relations in the sphere of conservation, management, promotion and state protection of the objects of cultural heritage. (2011-04-27)