United Nations
The data included in this dataset reflects indicator 5.a.1 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This indocator is listed under "SDG 5. Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls". Indicator 5.1.1 measures if whether or not legal frameworks are in place to promote, enforce and monitor equality and non‑discrimination on the basis of sex (Source: https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/ (link is external)) It is divided in two sub-indicators. Part (a) is an incidence measure. It measures how prevalent ownership or secure rights over agricultural land are in the reference population. Part (b) measures the share of women among owners or rights-bearers of agricultural land. Therefore it can be used to monitor the under-representation of women among the owners or holders of agricultural land. This is a de facto indicator which will measure progress towards SDG Target 5.a (Source: http://www.fao.org/sustainable-development-goals/indicators/5a1/en/ (link is external)).
Why does SDG Indicator 5.a.1 dataset matter for the land governance community?
Women are typically more harshly impacted by land tenure insecurity, due to discriminatory laws and lingering social bias. In many contexts, they lack direct, unmediated rights to the land and their access depends on their relation to male family members. They face layers of discrimination in both the law and in practice, fuelled by their gender, race, ethnicity, affiliation, orientation, age, or social status. The Global Agenda for Sustainable Development spotlights land as a critical driver, and regional efforts reflect growing political support for women’s land rights. Indicator 5.a.1 measures the extent of women’s disadvantages in ownership of and rights to agricultural land. It serves as orientation, targeting equal access to ownership and control over land, in accordance with national laws.
What is the status?
Indicator 5.a.1(a) (percentage of people with ownership or secure rights over agricultural land (out of total agricultural population), by sex) is available for ten countries, referring to different years between 2014 and 2019.
Indicator 5.a.1(b) (share of women among owners or rights-bearers of agricultural land) is available for ten countries, referring to different years between 2012 and 2019.
What is the methodology?
Data is collected at national level through household surveys and is compiled by international organisations. The methodology of SDG indicator 5.a.1 (link is external) is base on the UN Methodological Guidelines on the Production of Statistics on Asset Ownership from a Gender Perspective, (link is external) which were developed in the context of the initiative Evidence and Data for Gender Equality (EDGE) (link is external). Underlying definitions (e.g. agricultural land), questionnaire and calculation can be accessed in the indicator 5.a.1 background paper (link is external). Full metadata (link is external) is also available.
(Image source: http://www.fao.org/3/I8808EN/i8808en.pdf (link is external))
FAO is coordinating with the World Bank and World Habitat, to ensure harmonization of the methodology with SDG indicator 1.4.2 (Proportion of total adult population with secure tenure rights to land, with legally recognized documentation and who perceive their rights to land as secure, by sex and by type of tenure). Furthermore, FAO is in contact with UNICEF (link is external), the World Bank (link is external) and the DHS Program (link is external) to explore the possibilities of incorporating the module into internationally sponsored surveys (MICS - Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (link is external), LSMS - Living Standards Measurement Study (link is external), DHS - Demographic and Health Survey (link is external)).
What are the main results?
Indicator 5.a.1 measures the extent of women’s disadvantages in ownership of and rights to agricultural land. Together with indicator 5.a.2, it provides a basis for policy measures aimed at securing equal opportunities and access to rights and resources.
(Image source: http://www.fao.org/sustainable-development-goals/indicators/5a1/en/ (link is external))
Who is involved?
Data providers are national counterparts, including National Statistical Offices and National Women’s Machinery. Data compilers are The World Bank Group, the OECD Development Centre and UN Women.
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