According to 2001 statistics, 924 million people, almost one third of the world’s population lived in slums. A majority of these people are in the developing countries and they account for 43% of the urban population. Slums are characterized by a dense proliferation of small, makeshift shelters built from diverse materials, degradation of the local ecosystem and by severe social problems.

Land plays a vital and central role in the economic, social-cultural and political lives of both individuals and communities. Given its centrality in the socio-economic and political spheres, national goals such as economic development, poverty reduction, social and political stability are closely linked to land. Land provides the livelihood base for the bulk of the population especially in the rural areas where agriculture is the main occupation. Despite their importance, land and environment in Kenya have suffered decades of mismanagement that has led to the current state of degradation.

Land acquisitions, either driven by foreign investments or domestic investment needs have continued to polarize opinions. When this research was proposed, it was premised on arguments by scholars Ruth Meinzen-Dick and Helen Markelova, who had analysed agricultural land deals, and argued that there were potentially two schools of thought about foreign acquisitions over agricultural land.

Kenya is going through a period of intense transition. The country's main development policy, Vision 2030, is just entering the second Medium Term Plan of Implementation from 2013. The development priorities focus extensively on large scale investments, for industrial, irrigated agriculture, utilization of newly discovered natural resources, and infrastructure development. Land is therefore a central commodity for realization of the sought after socioeconomic transformation.

Kenya is currently implementing a number of large scale infrastructure and development projects aimed at trans forming the country into a newly industrializing, middle-income country. For this, the government has had to compulsorily acquire large tracts of land upon which the infrastructure is set.

The constitution of Kenya , 2010

Sessional Paper No.3 of 2009 on the National Land Policy

Public land is a resource that should be effectively managed in the public’s best interest in line with provisions of the Constitutions of Kenya and the Land Act. The management framework governing land use and development decisions on public land should ensure protection and sustainable management of the land. Despite these provisions in law, recent media reports point toresurgenceof public land grab. The Land Development and Governance Institute commissioned this research study to establish the status of the public land management in Kenya.

Moçambique é um país em vias de entrar no complexo mundo dos países produtores de produtos energéticos. Um grande influxo de capitais tornou o país num dos destinos privilegiados do investimento estrangeiro, o que permitiu/facilitou uma gestão especulativa de receitas futuras. Receitas rápidas e avultadas de capitais e aumento das reservas de divisas permitiram políticas fiscais e monetárias expansivas, reforçando o padrão de acumulação sectorial, social e espacialmente concentrado e de realização no exterior.

THE COMMUNITY LAND ACT No. 27 of 2016

Date of Assent: 3lst August,2016

Date of Commencement : 2 I st September, 201 6

THE MINING ACT No. 12 of 2016

Date of Assent: 6th May, 2016

Date of Commencement: 27th May, 2016

THE FOREST CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT ACT, 2016 No. 34 of 2016

Date of Assent: 31st August, 2016

Date of Commencement: By Notice

THE WILDLIFE CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT ACT, 2013 No. 47 of 2013

Date of Assent: 24th December, 2013

Date of Commencement: 10th January, 2014