Costa Rica's Program of Payments
for Environmental Services (Pago de Servicios Ambientales,
PSA) provides a unique opportunity to evaluate direct
payments as a conservation policy tool. This paper reports
evidence on how much more forest has been conserved in Costa
Rica as a result of PSA contracts with landowners. Such
evidence requires estimating a counterfactual outcome: how
much forest would have been preserved if there had been no

This document aims to provide background
information and motivation regarding bioenergy's role
in promoting sustainable rural development. It discusses
ways to support the implementation of bioenergy through
policies, including those that can mobilize private sector
activity. Volume I, the main report provides an overview of
implementation issues for bioenergy projects and programs;
Volume II provides technical information regarding biomass

There is now a strong foundation of good
practice emerging from past and ongoing renewable energy
(RE) projects, whether supported by the WBG or others,
making it possible to develop and implement future projects
faster, at lower costs, and with greater confidence in their
overall sustainability. To further this process, the World
Bank plans to develop an "Operational Guide to Design
and Implement Renewable Energy," which will provide the

In July 2001, the extractive industries
review (EIR) was initiated with the appointment of Dr. Emil
Salim, former Minister of the Environment for Indonesia, as
eminent person to the review. The EIR was designed to engage
all stakeholders-governments, nongovernmental organizations
(NGOs), indigenous peoples' organizations, affected
communities and community-based organizations, labor unions,
industry, academia, international organizations, and the

Renewable energy (RE) resources have
been attracting growing interest in both the industrialized
and the developing world in the last five to eight years.
The main drivers for this interest and accelerated activity
have been the expected strong demand for energy in the
developing world and environmental concerns, particularly of
the risk of drastic climate change as a result of the
increasing accumulation of greenhouse gases in the

In July 2001, the extractive industries
review (EIR) was initiated with the appointment of Dr. Emil
Salim, former Minister of the Environment for Indonesia, as
eminent person to the review. The EIR was designed to engage
all stakeholders-governments, nongovernmental organizations
(NGOs), indigenous peoples' organizations, affected
communities and community-based organizations, labor unions,
industry, academia, international organizations, and the

In July 2001, the extractive industries
review (EIR) was initiated with the appointment of Dr. Emil
Salim, former Minister of the Environment for Indonesia, as
eminent person to the review. The EIR was designed to engage
all stakeholders-governments, nongovernmental organizations
(NGOs), indigenous peoples' organizations, affected
communities and community-based organizations, labor unions,
industry, academia, international organizations, and the

In July 2001, the extractive industries
review (EIR) was initiated with the appointment of Dr. Emil
Salim, former Minister of the Environment for Indonesia, as
eminent person to the review. The EIR was designed to engage
all stakeholders-governments, nongovernmental organizations
(NGOs), indigenous peoples' organizations, affected
communities and community-based organizations, labor unions,
industry, academia, international organizations, and the

In July 2001, the extractive industries
review (EIR) was initiated with the appointment of Dr. Emil
Salim, former Minister of the Environment for Indonesia, as
eminent person to the review. The EIR was designed to engage
all stakeholders-governments, nongovernmental organizations
(NGOs), indigenous peoples' organizations, affected
communities and community-based organizations, labor unions,
industry, academia, international organizations, and the

The 19th Conference of Parties (COP) of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) was held in Warsaw, Poland, 11–22 November 2013. The outcomes of COP 19 are expected to have a significant impact on developments in the field of forests and climate change over the coming year. In view of this, forest sector stakeholders in the Asia-Pacific region require succinct and accurate information on the implications of COP 19 discussions and their significance to forest policy decisions and practice.

This review paper focuses on research schemes regarding urbanity and urbanization, and brings together both cultural and physical approaches. First, we review the cultural and social construction of urbanity (as related to urbanization) in Germany. In the early 20th century, urbanity was mainly the result of identity derived from a historical perspective in cities.

How can wetland management better take into account climate uncertainty, considering the risks posed to the important services wetlands provide? Ritesh Kumar of Wetlands International --South Asia explains that climate change and environmental impacts are affecting the livelihoods of hundreds of thousands of people that rely on wetland services provided by Chilika Lagoon in India. The project team is working with local government authorities to identify strategies for improving community resilience to such changes.