This paper developed an inventory of adaptation options implemented in the last two decades in Morocco. The agricultural development strategies and plans, set up since the early 2000s, targeting investments to modernize different economic sectors, were the Rural development strategy (RDS, 2008-2008), Green Morocco Plan (GMP, 2008-2020), and Generation Green (GG, 2022-2030). The GMP comprised a slew of adaptation options to address the climate risks and new socio-economic challenges with public and private participation. The main adaptation options were 1).

KEY MESSAGES
â—¼ Few digital tools support agroecology comprehensively, but many have agroecological components.
â—¼ Features that improved two-way farmer communication, targeting of farmer subgroups, farmer-driven content and use of human intermediaries were exemplary features for social inclusion.
â—¼ Exemplary features for technical advisory tools included context-specific technical options, use of videos, integration with coaching and hotlines for questions, and two-way communication.

KEY MESSAGES
◼ Socially inclusive digital tools are necessary to support diverse smallholder farmers’ access to digital services such as technical advice and access to markets. Improving smallholders’ access to digital resources and providing tool functions and features that enhance social inclusion are both necessary.
◼ Tool features that enable two-way communication, multiple channels of communication, co-creation of practices, and farmers’ demonstration plots support more inclusive technical advisory services.

Environment-facing interventions impact the distribution, use of and access of natural resources and have important implications for all dimensions (material, relational, quality of life) of human well-being (HWB). Yet conventional impact metrics routinely surpass the non-material impacts which may be particularly salient in rural contexts where small-scale farmers depend directly on the land and biodiversity. Furthermore, little is known about the comparative performance of distinct interventions along a land-sharing, versus land sparing gradient, on local definitions of HWB.

The effect of an unproductive investment could be detrimental to the investor, especially when is a dairy farmer investor who depend on earnings and may distort the productivity effort if is not approached with caution. Anyone who wish to invest in dairy farming must choose wisely, think independently to avoid follow the crowd. Ideal investment decisions in dairy would starts by best choice of breeds, feeds availability, affordability and accessibility, knowledge in proper animal husbandry and proper handling and marketing of animal products.

This study uses a framework that provides ample space for local stakeholders to integrate their knowledge and experience in the assessment of the barriers, incentives mechanisms, and roles of institutions for scaling out locally relevant CSA interventions in the four rice-growing environments in Mali. The study found that the adoption levels of many CSA interventions have been low.

The Association for Strengthening Agricultural Research in Eastern and Central Africa (ASARECA) recognizes the critical role that the private sector, research organizations, farmer organizations, policy makers, extension workers and media play in scaling up and commercialization of climaterelevant TIMPs. However, the adoption and use of several new agricultural technologies by

The digital ecosystem and its actors have increasing influence over how food is produced, what food people buy, and the flow of information among farmers, supply chain actors, and consumers. Efforts to transform food systems towards sustainability, including climate change resilience and mitigation, similarly rely on digital resources and offer the opportunity to scale up best practices rapidly at low cost.

CONTEXT
The implementation of integrated soil fertility management (ISFM) varies widely among farmers, from no ISFM to multiple computations of ISFM components (i.e., improved germplasm, organic resources, fertilizers, and local adaptations e.g., soil and water conservation (SWC)). There is no comprehensive report on farmers' use of ISFM components and their impact on sustainable intensification domains of productivity, economic, social, human condition, and environment and the associated variations across farmer fields and agro-ecological zones (AEZs).
OBJECTIVE

Climate Information Services have an opportunity to increase smallholder farmers' resilience against climate change and climate variability whilst enhancing their livelihoods. The AICCRA Zambia project through the agricultural data hub, training and drought and flood indicators provide solid evidence for enhancing smallholder farmer households. For the CIS to be gender inclusive and promote resilience for male and female farmers, development practitioners must ask questions at different stages to ensure that gender considerations and barriers are removed.

The CompensACTION Initiative aims to promote payments for ecosystem services (PES) to improve smallholder farmers’ incomes at large scales while incentivizing climate action, sustainable farming and other environmental outcomes.
Key drivers for scaling up PES programs are increasing farmers’ benefits in PES schemes, using public finance to leverage private sector capital, and facilitating PES project readiness.
Priority areas for action to meet the CompensACTION Initiative objectives are to:

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) production has considerable socio-economic values in sub-Saharan Africa for food security and to serve the increased industrial demands due to high population pressure and climate change. However, the production and productivity of the crop are yet to be expounded in Nigeria for economic gains. Therefore, the objective of this study was to present the current opportunities and constraints to sorghum production in Nigeria.