For the last 15 years, the agglomeration of Riga has expanded and one of the most important problems that Riga faces is movement of middle-class people to surrounding municipalities. This tendency is mostly referable to the processes in the USA during the second half of the 20th century. This research has first identified the history and causes of urban sprawl since the earliest times and has compared it with the situation in Riga Region.

Abstract: This study was conducted to determine the potential of incorporating Prosopis juliflora seed pods into typical dry land livestock production systems to minimize feed scarcity during the dry seasons and avoiding weight losses and poor performance. The study evaluated supplementation of weaner Galla goats with increasing amounts of Prosopis juliflora seedpods that is widely distributed in arid and semi arid areas of Kenya. This species is drought tolerant and with high productivity of seed pods whole year round.

Kimana Group Ranch (KGR) is a critical wildlife dispersal area for Amboseli National Park in Kenya. But
irrigated agriculture in the group ranch is leading to increased conflicts and competition for land and other critical
resources. This study used semi – structured interviews with group ranch members on their interactions with wildlife,
resource use and access, land use changes and livelihoods. Most group ranch members practiced agriculture as opposed to

Pythium is a water mould fungus which survive as a parasite, saprophyte or both. Pythium
spp. play important ecological services like recycling of both Carbon and mineral
nutrients for continued plant growth. Members of this genus are ubiquitous and found in
soil, water, plants and animal substrate. Spatial distribution and species diversity of
Pythium were studied with aim of determining the effects of intensive agricultural
practices on distribution and diversity. Agricultural intensification interferes with the

The complexity and magnitude of issues pertaining to land administration and management in Bangladesh cannot be overstated. The nature and volume of land disputes in the nation indicate the inefficiency of the land administration system and land dispute resolution mechanisms. Especially multiple claims to the same property-fuelled by the uncoordinated land recording systems-are widespread. land grabbing presents huge legal and governance related challenges.

Set against the backdrop of escalating food prices
and worsening food insecurity, the issue of land
becomes more relevant and urgent. The facts and figures
speak of a great irony. More than half a billion people
in Asia suffer from hunger and food insecurity, and too
often these are the small food producers, who comprise
farm laborers, tenants and small farmers. The region is
home to 75% of the world’s farming households, 80%
of which are resource-poor, and lack access to productive
land.

Includes experiences from the field (East Africa, Malawi, Cameroon, Senegal, Colombia, Pakistan). Lessons learned include participation-oriented research methods are recommended. Merely passing legislation is of little effect without the necessary resources for implementation, monitoring reforms or effective sanctions. Crucial to consult and involve women when designing reforms and monitoring their implementation. Addressing land injustices requires varied approaches. Vital to establish and maintain links among research, policy, practice and people.

Research conducted under the UN Peacebuilding Programme in Acholi where land conflicts have increased after the peace agreement. Involved community members and statutory and traditional leaders. Examined existing practices for the sustainable transformation of land related conflict. Revealed efficacy of existing community level mechanisms in effectively resolving land disputes. Need to resolve the legal status of local councils.

Tropical rainforests are characterized by habitat stability and complexity. Hence, the forests
support a rich biological diversity, including 40% of all bird species. However, these rain
forests have been shrinking due to increasing rate of deforestation, fragmentation, and other
forms of resource exploitation. Degradation and loss of rainforests has threatened their rich
biological diversity and the life-support systems. However, the rate at which birds are
displaced by forest clearing and the potential for birds' conservation on farmlands are not

Climate change and its implications on development in Tanzania should not be understated or ignored. Instead, discussions on our changing climate should begin with the recognition that climate change is undermining efforts to eradicate poverty. Yet, scientific complexities, jargon, uncertainties and debate have led to a general lack of understanding and confusion on how to address a changing climate, including policy prescriptions.