The absence of either state regulations or markets to coordinate the operation of individual wells has focussed attention on community level institutions as the primary loci for sustainable groundwater management in Rajasthan and Gujarat, India. The reported research relied on theoretical propositions that livelihood strategies, groundwater management and the propensity to cooperate are associated with the attitudinal orientations of well owners in the Meghraj and Dharta watersheds, located in Gujarat and Rajasthan respectively.

Here, more than 100 years of incumbency reports on officers of the irrigation bureaucracy of Punjab, Pakistan, are presented and analyzed. The data highlight how representation changed before and after partition within the irrigation bureaucracy. The data show that the irrigation bureaucracy increased through staffing its representation of local communities and is in its appointments responsive to elected representatives. Therefore, it is argued that empowerment of the local community can be achieved without irrigation management transfer but through the irrigation bureaucracy itself.

This study examines the socioeconomic features that underpin the expansion of groundwater-dependent irrigation in Northern State, Sudan. Groundwater development in the region serves as an economic lifeline given the poor Nile-based irrigation infrastructure and future changes in Nile hydrology. Groundwater-dependent irrigation is found to be expanding in previously uncultivated regions increasingly distant from the Nile.

Background: Farmers apply several and often different farmer-specific strategies to cope with and adapt to the perceived trend of declining rainfall and crop productivity. A better understanding of the factors affecting farmers’ coping and adaptation strategies to counteract both trends is crucial for policies and programs that aim at promoting successful rainfed agriculture in Ethiopia.

In the Ethiopian highlands, church forests have a substantial contribution to landscape restoration, and conservation of endangered indigenous tree species and biodiversity. However, the environmental and economic benefits of church forests are declining due to a combination of economic, environmental, and cultural factors. This study was conducted in Dera district, Ethiopia, to assess the perception of local communities on church forests and investigate the willingness of local communities to pay to manage and protect church forests.

Na representação da realidade, as implicações que o real traz para a ficção vão além da mera imitação. Na Literatura, o modo como se representa a realidade expressa, usualmente, a cosmovisão de uma determinada época. Isso é perceptível no modo realista de composição ficcional, que atinge seu ápice na segunda metade do século XIX, quando “o romance realista autêntico tem assumido a herança da tragédia clássica” (AUERBACH, 2011, p. 446).

El presente trabajo desarrolla el concepto de formalización de la propiedad de la tierra, en tanto respuesta institucional a diferentes problemas rurales como la informalidad en la tenencia de la tierra, el despojo y abandono forzado de tierras, la concentración de la propiedad rural y los cultivos ilícitos, analizando los contextos territoriales y enfoques del desarrollo rural bajo los cuales se da dicha respuesta, estableciendo las prácticas consuetudinarias y las barreras que promueven o acentúan los problemas rurales, y finalmente, analizando los efectos de la formalización produce en e

Numerosos estudios han documentado la importancia de la propiedad de la tierra para la seguridad económica de las mujeres rurales y el mejoramiento de la posición de ellas dentro de sus hogares. Esta expectativa se basa en el supuesto de que la propiedad de la tierra incrementa la capacidad de negociación de las mujeres.

El programa de titulación de predios en el barrio Moravia de la ciudad de Medellín, se llevó a cabo durante los años 2012-2015, con el propósito de superar la informalidad en el registro de la propiedad y de garantizar el acceso a una vivienda digna, mejorando así la calidad de vida de los beneficiarios -- Este proceso se enfrentó a una serie de problemas que impidieron la implementación del programa y a su vez, aparecieron efectos no previstos que obstaculizaron el cumplimiento de los objetivos propuestos -- La política pública de vivienda no previó las condiciones topográficas del terreno