Countries everywhere are divided into
two distinct spatial realms: one urban, one rural. Classic
models of development predict faster growth in the urban
sector, causing rapid migration from rural areas to cities,
lifting average incomes in both places. The process
continues until the marginal productivity of labor is
equalized across the two realms. The pattern of rising
urbanization accompanying economic growth has become one of

The objective of this paper is to
present a succinct and up-to-date review of the urban sector
in Egypt, with a focus on issues for which there is new
insight or emerging government interest. The two main themes
of the report are the challenges facing the urban sector and
the policy implications at various levels of government.
Some of the reports mains findings are: urbanization in
Egypt takes on forms and processes which are not well

El Estado compró 7.500 hectáreas de tierra para entregar a la Comunidad Tava Guaraní. Las tierras siguen siendo propiedad del Estado paraguayo. Por mucho tiempo se planteó combinar la propiedad familiar con la colectiva, propuesta rechazada por el INDERT, principal motivo por el cual no se podía avanzar en la titulación de las mismas. Finalmente el Estado lo aceptó.

En 1995 se creó una comisión vecinal de sin tierras para representar a 200 familias; esto duró 5 años. Sin respuestas, se inició la ocupación de una propiedad privada. En ese tiempo fueron desalojados 5 veces y perseguidos los ocupantes. En 2000, después de una larga movilización se logró firmar un acuerdo para adjudicarse la tierra.

This history illustrates a number of
themes encountered in Swaziland that faces developing
countries and their external partners in Africa and beyond.
Firstly, the history relates the experience of a small and
comparatively insular country in addressing complex
challenges deriving from rapid urbanization and, as a
result, the growing need to adapt governance systems and
structures. A second key issue is the challenge that small

This training module is made for the field level beneficiaries of the project titled “Sustainable Access to Land Equality” implemented by Uttaran. Firstly, training will be provided to the selected trainers based on this module and later, the selected trainers will provide training to the primary committee leaders organized under the Sustainable Access to Land Equality project. So the person needs to have a clear conception about this module to conduct training.

This training module is developed by Uttaran for its field level beneficiaries of Sustainable Access to Land Equalities (SALE) project. Initially some selected trainers are trained up on the basis of this module. Afterwards the selected trainer group will provide the training to the members of primary organization which is developed by Sustainable Access to Land Equalities (SALE) project of Uttaran. So those who facilitate this training workshop will have to have the sound knowledge about this training module.

The Jamalpur district administration has decided to prepare an online database of the real landless and homeless in Jamalpur Sadar Upazila. Forming the selection committees at Union and Ward level is an effective step to make the list of real landless and homeless people. This will make the identification process of the actual landless, poor and vulnerable people easy, acceptable to all and impartial. I hope that once the list is finalised, it will be useful in selecting beneficiaries for the various safety net and development programmes of the present government.

The first paper of this section
(Durand-Laserve) documents how increasing pressures on urban
land and the 'commodification' of shelter and
settlement has increased 'market evictions' of
families holding intermediate tide to property, although
international declarations and pressures have contributed to
reducing 'forced evictions.' The second paper
(Mooya and Cloete) uses the tools of the New Institutional

Cities are hubs of global change, and
their global influence continues to grow. Cities contribute
significantly to global challenges like climate change and
biodiversity loss. At the same time, cities experience
impacts like climate change first and with greatest
intensity. Further, cities are becoming leaders worldwide in
efforts to address global environmental and social problems.
Some of the most important smaller-scale agreements and

Utaran began work on the Sustainable Access to Land Equality (SALE) project to ensure transparency and accountability in land governance in December 2012, in partnership with CARE Internaional UK and Manusher Jonno Foundaion (MJF). The project engaged communiies in three pilot upazilas - Amtali Upazila of Barguna District, Mohanpur

of Rajshahi, and Sadar of Jamalpur-to raise the awareness of vulnerable landowners about land administraion, and to effect transparent processes for selecing landless people and for khasland setlement.

The accumulation of decent housing matters both because of the difference it makes to living standards and because of its centrality to economic development. The consequences for living standards are far-reaching. In addition to directly conferring utility, decent housing improves health and enables children to do homework. It frees up women's time and enables them to participate in the labor market. More subtly, a home and its environs affect identity and self-respect.