Our program-level ToC is reassessed annually to accurately reflect new information (e.g. new bilateral projects) and new understanding (e.g. of how WLE delivers outcomes and impacts). 2020 adjustments applied across WLE’s flagships (FPs) include:
● A focus on three ‘foundational’ impact pathways: (1) transdisciplinary innovation; (2) policy
influence; (3) brokering practices and technologies and enhancing implementation capacity.
● Encouraging WLE interventions to address both equity and sustainability.

Despite progressive policies and a legal framework that includes the constitutional right to sufficient water, there are still enormous problems with water service delivery in low income rural South Africa. To understand the factors responsible for the observed discrepancy between ambitious policies and disappointing water service delivery, we undertook an analysis of the implementation of these policies in Sekhukhune District, South Africa; we scrutinised the public service water delivery in that district using an actor-oriented approach.

Globally, 50% of the population relies on on-site sanitation systems (OSS) such as septic tanks and pit latrines and is, hence, in need of Fecal Sludge Management (FSM) solutions. India is a classic example, given that its government built more than 100 million toilets with the majority relying on OSS. With 400 fecal sludge treatment plants (FSTPs) in various stages of planning, procurement and construction, this report comes at an opportune time to present findings on FSM business models already implemented across India.

IFPRI research team published a book "Climate-Smart Agriculture in South Asia" that contains various methodology for priority setting, land use decision, and policy review. In addition, IFPRI in collaboration with CCAFS has developed an analytical toolkit for climate-smart investment plans at the sub-national level in India. The World Bank Group has shown interest in the concept delineated in the above-mentioned pieces of evidence and research collaboration has been established that will help World Banks' investment decision.

Results from the CGIAR Research Program on Water Land and Ecosystems (WLE) demonstrate how
new evidence and innovations contribute to sustainable intensification of agriculture at landscape
level. WLE’s solutions support producing more nutritious food while managing natural resources
more productively and sustainably in the face of critical climate change, health, demographic, and
economic challenges.

Until the past half-century, all agriculture and land management was framed by local institutions strong in social capital. But neoliberal forms of development came to undermine existing structures, thus reducing sustainability and equity. The past 20 years, though, have seen the deliberate establishment of more than 8 million new social groups across the world. This restructuring and growth of rural social capital within specific territories is leading to increased productivity of agricultural and land management systems, with particular benefits for those previously excluded.

With support from PIM, Collaborating for Resilience worked with Foundation for Ecological Security (FES) to develop guidance and train FES field teams on development of multi-actor platforms for landscape-level governance and restoration efforts in India. The guidance has been adopted as an integral part of Foundation for Ecological Security’s program implementation across six states (Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Odisha, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh).

Investments in energy are urgently needed in Sub-Saharan Africa. Such investments can unlock access to water resources, increase food security, accelerate rural employment, and increase income. To achieve clean energy access and associated water and food security
sustainably and equitably, we recommend that the Group of Twenty (G20): (1) develop an understanding of accessible water resources and optimal rural energy system sizing; (2) strengthen the enabling policy and financial environment for renewable energy systems; (3)

This brief assesses the current state of migration-related policies in Ethiopia, and provides some early recommendations and policy pointers based on work carried out under the AGRUMIG project. In Ethiopia, the scale of migration and its impacts on rural and urban transformations are underestimated and probably increasing. There is a lack of a coherent national migration policy in the country, which is a potential development hindrance.

Agriculture used to be at the center of
Zimbabwe’s economy, accounting for about
20% of GDP. But it has since declined to
about 10%, since the introduction of the
land reform bill. The government has been
intensifying efforts to prioritize the sector
until 2020. The mostly rural population
depend on agriculture, which provides
60-70% of the population with income.
Yet smallholder farmers face significant
challenges. Low and erratic rainfall,
drought, low and declining soil fertility