This paper developed an inventory of adaptation options implemented in the last two decades in Morocco. The agricultural development strategies and plans, set up since the early 2000s, targeting investments to modernize different economic sectors, were the Rural development strategy (RDS, 2008-2008), Green Morocco Plan (GMP, 2008-2020), and Generation Green (GG, 2022-2030). The GMP comprised a slew of adaptation options to address the climate risks and new socio-economic challenges with public and private participation. The main adaptation options were 1).

There is a need to find a “middle ground” whereby the complexity, dynamic, and multi-sectoral/multi-actors nature of food systems is captured and boiled down to a handful of key indicators that help prioritize entry points for interventions. Furthermore, the process of identifying those selected indicators needs to follow a clear, transparent, and reproducible protocol/methodology so that comparison between countries (and over time) is also possible.

"Why agriculture and trade matter in GHG mitigation pathways", presented by Lini Wollenberg for the OECD - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Virtual Workshop. From "Mitigating GHG Emissions in Agriculture in an Interconnected World" on April 11-12 2022. This presentation covers the elements of a global strategy, priorities for coordinated action, IPCC, and global food systems emissions. Additional resources listed are the CCAFS AgLED website, Agrochain emissions calculator (ACE), Our World in Data, and FAO emission intensity and food systems data.

The Water Integrity Network (WIN) conducted a study focusing on credible evidence on the impact of the Integrity Management Toolbox on Small Water Supply Systems at two levels, principally at the service delivery, governance and compliance with applicable rules and regulations. The subject of evaluation was the water supply system and the management model by which the water system is run (community group or water service provider) in Kajiado County, a pastoralist area that is mainly occupied by the Masaai.

This Environment and Social Management Pan (ESMP) has been developed by AfricaRice to clarify (i) the measures that will be taken during the implementation of project activities to eliminate or offset adverse E&S impacts, or to reduce them to acceptable levels; and (ii) actions needed to implement these measures during the implementation of the Accelerating Impact of CGIAR Climate Research for Africa (AICCRA) project activities in Mali.

A huge increase in investment for innovation in sustainable agri-food systems (SAS) will be critical for meeting the objectives of the UN Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Climate Agreement. Currently only a small fraction of investment addresses environmental or social goals together with productivity increase. A major challenge for both innovators and innovation investors is determining whether an investment ‘counts’ as one likely to promote both environmental and/or social sustainability.

KEY MESSAGES
◼ Socially inclusive digital tools are necessary to support diverse smallholder farmers’ access to digital services such as technical advice and access to markets. Improving smallholders’ access to digital resources and providing tool functions and features that enhance social inclusion are both necessary.
◼ Tool features that enable two-way communication, multiple channels of communication, co-creation of practices, and farmers’ demonstration plots support more inclusive technical advisory services.

Ethiopia has heterogeneous topographic, climatic and socio-ecological systems. Recommendations of agricultural inputs and management practices based on coarse domains such as agro-ecological zones (AEZ) may not lead to accurate targeting, mainly due to large intra-zone variations. The lack of well-targeted recommendations may contribute to the underperformance of promising technologies. Therefore, there is a need to define units where similar environmental and biophysical features prevail, based on which specific recommendations can be made for similar response units (SRUs).

Environment-facing interventions impact the distribution, use of and access of natural resources and have important implications for all dimensions (material, relational, quality of life) of human well-being (HWB). Yet conventional impact metrics routinely surpass the non-material impacts which may be particularly salient in rural contexts where small-scale farmers depend directly on the land and biodiversity. Furthermore, little is known about the comparative performance of distinct interventions along a land-sharing, versus land sparing gradient, on local definitions of HWB.

Climate change and its impact on agricultural production and productivity is a major factor of concern in the agricultural sector. Many indicators point to the significant depressing role that climate change has on the agricultural sector, spanning from production to marketing of the primary and secondary products. Women and youth comprise most of the rural population in the