To provide for the upgrading and conversion into ownership of certain rights granted in respect land; for the transfer of tribal land in full ownership to tribes; and for matters connected therewith.
(Afrikaans text signed by the State President.)
(Assented to 27 June 1991.)
BE IT ENACTED by the State President and the Parliament of the Republic of South Africa, as follows:

This paper states that, in Africa, smallholder agriculture is the main source of employment for the majority of the rural population and the bulk of the staple food is produced by this segment of the population.

An Act to set new environmental policy standards by giving water and soil associations new rural management duties. Moreover, associations can promote cooperation between water management and agriculture while further developing the protection of water, soil and nature. Finally, the associations can be assigned tasks within the framework of set-aside land. The Act grants the associations a far-reaching right to self-administration as, for instance, the power to issue by-laws; furthermore, association may be established also by a decision of its members and not only ex-officio.

Under the Environment Protection Act, 1986 of India, notification was issued in February 1991, for regulation of activities in the coastal area by the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF).

Working on the premise that in the 21st century there may be two or three times the human population than at the time of writing, this paper explores the concept of sustainable livelihoods. The analysis points to priorities for policy and research, including pricing and taxing policies for the rich that would reduce environmental demand, and further research into small farming systems, local economies and factors influencing migration.
Findings: