Section 404 of the U.S. Clean Water Act includes most wetlands in its jurisdiction and requires wetland mitigation to compensate for permitted wetland losses. These mitigation wetlands can provide ecosystem services similar to original wetlands if properly constructed. Improvement of wetland monitoring requirements coupled with economic assessment is critical for effective implementation of the mitigation policy. The economic assessment when left out of evaluation of mitigation policy could result in mitigation wetlands being given too little weight in policy decisions.

New Zealand has introduced legislation to implement the world's first 'all sectors all gases' emissions trading scheme (ETS) as a way of reducing the country's greenhouse gas emissions. The Scheme is to retrospectively introduce a price for carbon emissions in forestry from 1 January 2008 and will phase in other sectors over time (notably agriculture from 2013). This report develops a methodology for valuing the impact of this change on forest and forest land value.

Presentation by Richard Meade to the AARES 53rd Annual Conference held 10-13 February 2009 in Cairns Australia.Forest and Forest Land Valuation - How to Value Forests and Forest Land to Include Carbon Costs and Benefits. forest, forest land valuation, carbon costs,

Is it right to attach financial values to nature and to incorporate that valuation into the post-2015 agenda? Will such valuation help to protect species diversity and ecosystems? Or does it not rather harbour the risk that we cheerfully go on destroying nature since other aspects of the national accounts can be seen as compensation? Civil society is split on this issue. Our author points out why.

In various countries around the world, land expropriation is considered as a major tool used by governments to assemble tracts of land for various activities aiming at public interest. However, determination of compensation which is regarded as a pre-requisite for land expropriation has been a source of controversy in this process. This paper attempts to find out how land valuation for compensation during expropriation is carried out in Rwanda, considering two expropriation projects in Kigali city.

This study investigates attitudes towards legalizing land sales and Willingness to Accept (WTA) sales prices and compensation prices for land among smallholder households in four different areas in the Oromia and SNNP Regions in the southern highlands of Ethiopia. Household panel data from 2007 and 2012 are used. The large majority of the sample prefers land sales to remain illegal, and the resistance to legalizing land sales increased from 2007 to 2012. In the same period, perceived median real land values increased sharply but also exhibit substantial local variation.

This legislation concerns expropriation and aims to bring transparency to the process.

This paper is the second update of FAO’s original report on this topic. It presents information about the contribution of the forestry sector to national economies at the global, regional and country levels. The study presents the status and trends of the forestry sector’s contribution (total employment, value-added and export earnings) in the sector and analyses the driving forces behind these trends. It updates the data and analysis to the year 2011. The study gives a reasonable estimation of the general trends in the sector at the regional and global level.

Utopías en la era de la supervivencia. Una interpretación del Buen Vivir, hermosa escritura-investigación del colombiano Omar Felipe Giraldo.

Dos acontecimientos inseparables: la manera como habitamos la Tierra, y la manera como la Tierra permite que la habitemos. Abya Yala significa buen vivir-tierra generosa, tierra en florecimiento. Para los quechuas, buen vivir se expresa como sumak kawsay, dos palabras con fuerza ética en tanto que se refieren a cómo habitar el ethos, o sea la casa del hombre, la tierra generosa, madre nutricia y permanente, que permite el permanecer.

Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Farm Management, Health Economics and Policy, Industrial Organization, International Relations/Trade, Land Economics/Use,

The rapid economic growth in Lao PDR over the last two decades has been driven by the natural resource sectors and commercialization in the agriculture sector. Rural landscapes are being transformed over the past decade from land use mosaics of subsistence and smallholder farms to large-scale plantations dominated by a few commercial crops.

This Regulation provides for the implementation of the Acquisition of Land Act 1967 by prescribing the fees applicable under section 9 of the Act. The fee payable for an application under section 9 of the Act is— (a) if the application relates to only 1 parcel of land—$173.70; or (b) if the application relates to more than 1 parcel of land—$173.70 plus $51.50 for each additional parcel of land.