Philippine landcare after nine years: a study on the impacts of agroforestry on communities, farming households, and the local environment in Mindanao

This paper reviews the impact of the Landcare Program on, farming households, communities, and the local environments in three sites in Mindanao, Philippines: Claveria in Misamis Oriental; Lantapan in Bukidnon; and Ned, Lake Sebu in South Cotabato. This paper reviews and synthesizes various studies conducted throughout the period from 1996 to 2004, during which the Landcare Program was established and matured. The key intervention studied is the landcare approach which consists basically of two components: conservation farming technologies and landcare processes and institutions. The primary direct impacts from the landcare approach are improved livelihood options, human and social capital, environmental governance, and access to livelihood resources such as financial, physical and technical assistance.