General

This contribution concerns a support of SEK 110 million for a period of three years to a program called MOPSS. The program aims to promote peaceful coexistence between primarily livestock farmers and sedentary farmers in the border areas of Western Sahel (Mali , Burkina Faso, Niger, Benin, Togo, Ghana, Ivory Coast), and a strengthened consensus on how limited natural resources such as water, land and grazing can benefit all groups and how conflicts around them can be prevented and resolved. The name MOPSS refers to the French name of the program which is freely translated into English as follows: "Peaceful cross-border movement for livestock in the Sahel and social stability" (Mobilité Pastorale transfrontalière apaisée et Stabilité social au Sahel). The program is led and implemented by a consortium that includes, among others, the herders' and farmers' own regional socio-professional organisations in the Sahel (ROPPA, APESS, RBM). Sida continues to see an intrinsic value in supporting the herders own interest organisations and the special contribution wellfunctioning, legitimate and representative civil society organisations can make to conflict resolution and conflict prevention, both directly through various forms of mediation and stakeholder consultations, as well as indirectly through a policy environment and investments that take the special needs of mobile livestock rearing into account. The programme is aligned with the interest organisations' own objectives, as well as ECOWAS national policy and institutional frameworks, and the African Union's guidelines to secure pastoralism and prevent conflict in Africa. The aim of MOPSS is: 1) Livestock mobility and the land rights of pastoralists and agropastoralists in the targeted crossborder areas are better secured. 2) Livelihoods of vulnerable agropastoral and pastoral households (in particular livelihoods for women and youth) are secured, sustained and developed. 3) Pastoral and agropastoral civil society organisations increase their influence and are more representative, reactive and accountable.

Objectives

The overall objective of the program at impact level is to contribute to increased social cohesion of transhumance communities in cross-border areas in the Sahel and the Gulf of Guinea through strengthened resilience against climatic and security chocks, peaceful pastoralism, and an inclusive and integrated local economy. More specifically, the aim is that 80% of the households in targeted communities live in peaceful coexistence with pastoral communities. Three levels of results have been formulated: - Long-term outcomes (LTO), expected to be realised within 36 months, i.e. the duration of the project. - Medium-term outcomes (MTO), expected to be realised within 24 months. - Short term outputs (CTO), expected to be realised within 12 months. Long- and medium-term outcomes have been translated from French and are listed below. For short term outputs, see result framework attached to the project document. Long term outcome 1, LTO1: Livestock mobility and the land rights of pastoralists and agro-pastoralists in the targeted cross-border areas are better secured. MTOs linked to LTO1: MTO1.1: The host communities have an improved perception of livestock mobility and cross-border transhumance. MTO1.2: The states adopt and scale up innovative tools and approaches for regulating transhumance (ICT, traceability, marital status, security). MTO1.3: The family / household production units have access to information and verified early warning signals, legal assistance, dialogue platforms, civil society mediators and protection measures against insecurity. MTO1.4: The constituent parts and membership of the National Transhumance Committees and other frameworks for natural resources management capitalize on innovative solutions and mobilise resources from states and donors for this purpose. MTO1.5: The decentralised state institutions (municipalities, districts, regions) and their representative associations and informal institutions for local dialogue manage natural resources and land rights in an inclusive, consensual and equitable manner. Long-term outcome 2, LTO2: Livelihoods of vulnerable agropastoral and pastoral households (in particular livelihoods for women and youth) are secured, sustained and developed. MTOs linked to LTO2: MTO2.1: The vulnerable pastoral and agro-pastoral family/household production units have improved their productivity, diversified their income sources and mitigated their pressure on land and natural resources. MTO2.2: The enterprises and cooperatives active in the value chains linked to farming, livestock, forestry and fishing are more inclusive with regard to women and youth and better performing. MTO2.3: The pastoral and agro-pastoral family/household production units who suffer external shocks and/or live as IDPs, together with the host communities, have access to means of production with limited land requirements. Long-term outcome 3, LTO3: Pastoral and agro-pastoral civil society organisations increase their influence and are more representative, reactive and accountable. MTOs linked to LTO3: MTO3.1: The producers' organisations and their members participate effectively in the processes to formulate, implement and monitor policy in the areas of agriculture, livestock, forestry and fishery which is conflict and gender sensitive, respectful of human rights, and promotes social inclusion and nutrition. MTO3.2: The producers' organisations contribute to knowledge production with regard to enhanced equity and inclusivity for triple nexus practises which are favourable towards pastoralist and agro-pastoralist communities and can be put to scale.

General

Central Africa is home to the world’s second largest rainforest. Its stock absorb carbon and is home to more than 50 % of terrestrial biodiversity, while only covering 6 % of the Earth’s surface. Rainforests are under threat and the loss of rainforests lead to loss of biodiversity and increasing emissions of greenhouse gases. The Central African Forest Initiative theory of change is to contribute to low emission development in partner countries through interventions in the land use and forestry sector because of the immense value forests represent for humans and the planet. CAFIs two main impacts are 1) Emission reductions from deforestation and forest degradation and enhanced removals and 2) Sustainable development co-benefits: biodiversity conservation, increased food security, increased tenure security, women´s empowerment, better business climate, increased revenues, increased fiscal revenues.

Objectives

Objectives of the intervention CAFI´s (Central African Forest Initiative) theory of change is to contribute to low emission development in partner countries through interventions in the land use and forestry sector because of the immense value forests represent for humans and the planet. To implement the Paris Agreement on Climate Change, to fight poverty and to fulfill the post 2020 biodiversity framework. This will be done through reduced deforestation and forest degradation. CAFI´s climate and development objectives are attained through the implementation of ambitious national investment frameworks that decouple development from deforestation. Such socioeconomic transformation will come from measures that properly address both direct drivers of deforestation (such as agriculture, wood energy, forestry and infrastructure/mining) and underlying drivers (such as lack of land use planning and insecure land tenure, poor governance and rapid population growth). Targets are reduction of annual rates of deforestation and degradation compared to reference scenario, e.g. Gabon: reductions of emissions from the LULUCF of 50% by 2025 (compared to 2005), DRC: provincial integrated programmes aim at a 10% reduction in emissions, RDC: objective to stabilize forest cover at 63.5%. The CAFI M&E framework is built on its Theory of Change, which seeks to achieve two main impacts: 1) emission reductions from deforestation and forest degradation and enhanced removals 2) sustainable development co-benefits: biodiversity conservation, increased food security, increased tenure security, women´s empowerment, better business climate, increased revenues, increased fiscal revenues. through the following seven outcomes: 1. sustainable agricultural investments 2. sustainable wood energy investments 3. sustainable forest governance and investments, and enhanced permitting, monitoring and enforcement capacity 4. sustainable siting and development of infrastructure and mining investment 5. optimal land use planning and land tenure 6. reduced demographic pressure on forests 7. Improved governance, inter-ministerial coordination and transparency (including permitting and fiscal policies) CAFI Terms of Reference and national investment frameworks are to provide full details on expected outputs as well as country specific theories of change. At the outcome level, these outputs will ensure that: Sustainable agricultural practices lead to less land conversion and increased food security Sustainable alternatives to current wood energy practices are adopted Forestry sector and protected areas institutions and stakeholders have the capacity and the legal framework to promote, monitor and enforce sustainable management of forests Future infrastructure and mining projects minimize their overall footprint on forests Land use planning decisions ensure a balanced representation of sectoral interests and keep forests standing, and better tenure security does not incentivize forest loss by individuals, communities or companies Population growth and migration to forests and forest fronts are slowed down Better inter ministerial coordination and governance resulting in a permitting, enforcement and fiscal regime of economic activities that do not push economic actors to forest conversion and illegal activities and a business climate favorable to forest friendly investments.

General

We Effect have submitted an application for a one-year contribution of SEK 4,000,000 from 2017 to 2018. The support is aimed to assume an interim role as in waiting for the Land Tenure Support Programme (LTSP) CSO basket which is expected to be up and running in 2018 after lengthy delays. The support aims to ensure higher involvement of women through the promotion of gender equality in relation to women equal rights and access to land. The support offered by We Effect will be crucial in rural Tanzania where the patriarchy system is dominant which has resulted in the situation on the ground being not as good as the legal provisions on paper. Additionally, women tend to not be as aware as men of land registration possibilities, nor have the legal literacy necessary to claim the enforcement of their rights. Overall, the support will also play a part in enabling We Effect reach its strategic goal by 2021 of becoming Sweden's top actor and promoter of development work in support of gender equality within sustainable rural settings, plus seeing that that women with We Effect's partner organisations have the same right as men to have access to financial resources and the opportunity to own and Control land.

Objectives

The intervention aims to promote gender equality in relation to women's equal right and access to land as means of insuring that women have the same right as men to have access to financial resources and the opportunity to own and control land a largely patriarchal rural setting in the districts of Kilombero, Ulanga and Malinyi. As a participant in the LTSP, We Effect will focus on (1) Raising awareness and strengthening participation, consultation and representation and (2) Capacity building at all levels to ensure that the processes are sustainable and can be expanded to country-wide level.