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The number of displaced people in Sudan as a result of conflict and famine over nearly two decades of war has been estimated to be in the millions. The lengthy period of time that many local populations have been dislocated and the consequent disruption of food producing activities poses complicated problems in both near-term food security and the longer-term rehabilitation of the country's traditional agricultural sector. Recovery of households and production systems after years of conflict and famine for the displaced will involve more than simply a return to home areas. Resource use and access arrangements, will emerge contested and reconfigured as claimants with perceived rights based on various past customary and state tenure regimes seek to exercise these rights in a changed human and biophysical landscape. This paper will examine some of the land tenure issues likely to become important as large populations of Sudan's internally displaced seek to re-engage in agricultural production systems they are familiar with.