This chapter spells out the theoretical framework for the discussion and case studies of the book. First, it provides precise definitions of technological change and classify technological change into different types based on their factor intensities. The discussion starts off with a single farm household. Two key concepts for understanding how that household will respond to technological changes are economic incentives and constraints. The former relates to how new technologies influence the economic return of different activities.

Over the last decade, following the doi moi reforms, the Vietnamese government has formally recognised the household as the basic unit of production and allocated land use rights to households. Under the 1993 Land Law these rights can be transferred, exchanged, leased, inherited, and mortgaged. A land market is emerging in Vietnam but is still constrained for various reasons. Additionally, lack of flexibility of land use is an issue.

The Netherlands submitted data on afforestation, reforestation and deforestation (article 3.3 of the Kyoto Protocol) as well as on additional activities (article 3.4 of the Kyoto Protocol), as requested by the UNFCCC per 1st of August 2000. Article 3.3 under the IPCC scenario gives a 0,011 Mt C sink for the first commitment period. The article 3.4 activities give a source of 12,7 Mt CO2 due to grassland on peatlands, which are a large CO2-source in the Netherlands. Non CO2-gases and soil carbon are excluded

Dit rapport kijkt naar de lange termijn ontwikkelingen - de komende twee decennia - in het agrarisch gebied, met daarbij de ambities van de Stichting Natuur en Milieu in het achterhoofd. Het agrarisch gebied slaat op dat deel van Nederland dat niet verstedelijkt is noch natuurterrein. De volgende vragen worden beantwoord. - Wat mogen we in de diverse gebieden op langere termijn verwachten? - Wat is gezien de doelstellingen van SNM eigenlijk gewenst met betrekking tot het agrarisch gebied? - Welke middelen staan tot onze beschikking om de kloof tussen verwacht en gewenst te overbruggen?

Deze publicatie gaat over de toekomst van natuur in het landinrichtingsgebied Losser en is een van de achtergronddocumenten die in opdracht van de Dienst Landelijk Gebied zijn opgesteld, waarin het behoud en herstel van natuur- en landschapswaarden ende realisatie van de ecologische hoofdstructuur (EHS) centraal staan. Hierbij is de rol voor de terreinbeherende organisaties alhier - Staatsbosbeheer, Natuurmonumenten, Stichting Edwina van Heek en Landschap Overijssel - van groot belang.

This strategy is an integral component of the ongoing macroeconomic adjustment and structural reforms that are supported by Tanzania's development partners.

For forecasting agricultural production to design cropping patterns and to utilize water effectively, a computerized agricultural production monitoring system named PDM was selected. The Nam Oon irrigation project was chosen as a case study. PDM was used for agricultural production forecasting in the Nam Oon project for ten cultivation seasons from the 1995 wet season to the 2000 dry season. The factors affecting flow in the canal and the agricultural production forecasting equation were also investigated.

This study relates to an on-going debate as to whether customary African land tenure must be reformed or converted to a statutory, individualised land tenure system (often referred to as a ‘titled’ system) as a pre-requisite to agricultural development. Past arguments in favour of titling claim that traditional tenure is insecure for the small farmer and thus creates disincentives for land improvements; that it prevents land from being used as collateral for credit; and that it prevents the transfer of land from inefficient users to efficient ones.

Executive summary, background to Nkandla, livelihoods under threat, potential for agriculture, Oxfam GB’s findings – a role for agriculture?, impact of HIV/AIDS, what options for livelihoods?, conclusions.

The importance of agriculture in the economies of African countries cannot be overstated. Notwithstanding geographic and climatic diversity and other country specificities, the agricultural sector in African countries is the main source of rural livelihoods and, in general, employs more than two-thirds of the labour force. Agriculture generates more than a third of GDP in most African countries, and accounts for up to 40 per cent of exports. Most African countries have undertaken autonomous liberalization in agriculture.