Benin has made substantial progress over
the past decade in reinforcing macroeconomic stability,
which has laid the foundation for modest but accelerating
growth. After averaging less than 3.7 percent from
2007-2011, GDP growth rose to 5.4 percent in 2012 and
reached 5.6 percent in 2013. Growth is expected to remain
strong at 5.5 percent in 2014. Benin s enhanced growth
performance has been supported by ongoing efficiency

This policy research brief on land tenure reform and government revenue aims primarily to examine the effects of land tenure reforms on land-based revenue and to provide policy recommendations that would build on existing efforts developed to ease the process of paying and collecting various land revenue. The research topic was suggested by land sector stakeholders among other topics during the LAND Project’s Year 3 Work Planning Meeting, and was endorsed by the Rwanda Natural Resources Authority and LAND Project as an important research area.

This framework aims to help civil society organisations to monitor land reforms. It identifies indicators on outcomes on land tenure and access to land that will help CSOs critically examine whether the rural poor’s land tenure is more secure, and whether their access to land has been enhanced.

Currently Tanzania faces numerous challenges regarding Land Registration Procedure in Tanzania as reflected in land owners perceptions on the procedure, especially in rural areas. This makes the need to improve the procedure compelling. However, the current Administrative, Financial, Legal, and Institutional aspects need to be taken into the consideration in promoting and improving the process of obtaining CCROs in the country.

Communal lands are central to the livelihoods of many Tanzanians, particularly to pastoralists and hunter-gatherer groups. But a number of factors can undermine the security of these lands remaining ‘communal,’ in turn threatening the livelihoods of many people and cultures. This brief sets out a new mechanism for strengthening community land rights by securing local tenure through acquiring a Certificate of Customary Right of Occupancy (CCRO).

有保障的权属是可持续森林管理的重要前提条件。更加多样化的权属体系可为改善森林管理、当地生计奠定基础，在森林管理能力较弱的国家尤其如此。过去10年间，很多国家开始改革森林和林地的权属安排，将获取和管理森林资源的权力在不同程度上从中央下放到家庭、私营公司和社区等主体。本书为政策制定者以及森林权属改革的参与者提供了切实可行的指导。书中引用了大量资料，包括粮农组织在非洲、东南亚、拉丁美洲和中亚开展的森林权属评估，得出一些经验教训，并阐明原因。本书列出了10条权属改革指导原则，提出因地制宜通过适应性的方式实现森林权属多样化。本书还强调，成功的权属改革与相关规范框架和治理安排改革相关联，因此必须将其放在更广阔的国家发展议程中来看待。

This think piece sets out to:

After more than two decades of agrarian change in Tajikistan, farming structures seem to crystallise. The first signs towards farm individualisation were observed only around 2000, which were the result of significant pressure from outside, when the post-conflict state was highly susceptible to pressure from multilateral institutions. Over time, striking differences in agrarian structures have emerged nation-wide; from highly fragmented, autonomous farms, to elite-controlled large-scale cotton farming.

Two major innovations have inter alia emerged from the land reform in Madagascar: (i)

decentralised land management through the creation of local land offices, and (ii)

certification, which enables individuals to register private property provided the community

agrees on the legitimacy of the claimed rights.

Despite the political crisis and the withdrawal of international aid during this period (2009 -

2013), new local land offices have been created, and now cover a third of the country’s

This country program evaluation (CPE)
evaluates World Bank Group (International Bank for
Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), or the Bank,
International Finance Corporation (IFC), and Multilateral
Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) operations in Brazil from
FY2004 through FY2011. It seeks to answer two questions: to
what extent was the Bank Group program relevant to
Brazil's development needs?, and how effective were

Despite decades of war and instability,
Iraq's abundant natural resources, strategic geographic
location and cultural history endow it with tremendous
potential for growth and diverse economic development.
Driven by windfall oil revenues in recent years the
Government of Iraq (GoI) has invested heavily in rebuilding
infrastructure with abundant oil reserves ensuring steady
progress. However, decades of socialist policies have